Power Strategy Use in the Intimate Relationships of Women and Men from Mexico and the United States

Belk, Sharyn S.; Snell, William E.; Garcia-Falconi, Renan; Hernández-Sánchez, Julita Elemí; Hargrove, L.; Holtzman, Wayne H.

doi:10.1177/0146167288143002

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Seal & Palmer-Seal, 1996). Numerous studies have examined the influence of cultural norms and values on sexual decision-making; of these, several(Belk, Snell, Garcia-Falconi, Hernandez-Sanchez, Hargrove, & Holtzman 1988; Dunn & Cowan, 1993; Lam & Barnhart, 2006; Lam, Mak, Lindsay, & Russell, 2004; Steil & Hillman, 1993) have examined cultural context as a possible determining factor in the use of influence strategies. Lam and colleagues (Lam, Mak, Lindsay, & Russell, 2004) found that Asian American students used verbal indirect strategies (e.g., deception, flattery, dropping hints) significantly more than White American students.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Heterosexual African American Men to Women's Condom Negotiation Strategies

Otto‐Salaj

Traxel

Brondino

et al. 2010

Journal of Sex Research

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This study describes responses of 172 single heterosexual African American men, ages 18-35, to condom negotiation attempts. Strategies used included reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, referent, and informational strategies, based on Raven's (1992) influence model. The purpose was: 1) to identify strategies influencing participant acquiescence to request, and 2) to identify predictors of participant compliance/refusal to comply with negotiation attempts. Participants viewed six videotape segments showing an actress, portrayed in silhouette, speaking to the viewer as a 'steady partner'. After each segment, participants completed measures of: request compliance, positive and negative affect, and attributions concerning the model and themselves. No significant differences were found in men's ratings across all vignettes. However, differences in response existed across subgroups of individuals, suggesting that while the strategy used had little impact on participant response, the act of suggesting condom use produced responses that differed across participant subgroups. Subgroups differed on levels of AIDS risk knowledge, STD history, and experience with sexual coercion. Also, the "least-willing-to-use" subgroup was highest in anger/rejection and least likely to make attributions of caring for partner. Effective negotiation of condom use with a male sexual partner may not be determined as much by specific strategy used as by partner characteristics.Interventions to assist persons in reducing risk for HIV infection have drawn upon a number of behavioral science theories, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991); social cognitive and self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1988); the Information-Motivation-Behavior model (Fisher & Fisher, 1992); and the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (Catania, Kegeles, & Coates, 1990). Although these theories approach the issue of HIV risk behavior changes from different perspectives, they all posit that behavioral skills-including the ability to communicate condom use requests with sexual partners--are important determinants of success in risk reduction behavior change.State-of-the-art skills building interventions aimed at promoting HIV risk reduction behavior change have often emphasized the acquisition of sexual assertiveness, communication, and negotiation skills to be used with sexual partners. Methods often used to teach these skills

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Heterosexual African American Men to Women's Condom Negotiation Strategies

Otto‐Salaj

Traxel

Brondino

et al. 2010

Journal of Sex Research

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“…Other research has also investigated not only the use of persuasion tactics (e.g., Belk & Snell, 1988b;Cowan, Drinkard, & MacGavin, 1984;Falbo, 1977aFalbo, , 1977bFalbo, , 1982Fitzpatrick & Winke, 1979;Kipnis, Schmidt, & Wilkinson, 1980;Koberg, 1985;McCormick, 1979;Offermann & Scheier, 1985;Rim, 1980Rim, , 1981Rim, , 1989Snell, Hawkins, & Belk, 1988), but also the use of avoidance strategies, defined as the tactics people use to avoid complying with others' persuasion attempts (Belk, Garcia-Falconi, Hernandez-Sanchez, & Snell, 1988;Belk & Snell, 1988a). All of this literature was used as a basis for constructing the AIDS Discussion Strategy Scale, an objective self-report measure of the strategies that people use to persuade potential sexual partners to discuss the topic of AIDS.…”

Section: Measuring Aids-related Discussion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In preparation for writing these items, the authors reviewed a variety of literature dealing with discussion tactics (cf. Belk & Snell, 1988a, 1988bFalbo & Peplau, 1980). Research participants were asked to respond to the 72 items on the ADSS using a 5-point Likert scale: -2 = definitely would not do this, -1 = might not do this, 0 = not sure whether I would do this, 1 = might do this, and 2 = would definitely do this.…”

Section: Research Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal Strategies Associated With the Discussion of Aids

Snell¹,

Finney²

1990

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment

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The disease, AIDS (i.e., acquired immune deficiency syndrome), has raised concern among many people throughout the world. Although medical attention has been focused for some time on identifying the causes and cures of this deadly disease, research designed to examine the psychological aspects of AIDS has just begun. Within this context, two investigations were conducted to construct and validate the AIDS Discussion Strategy Scale (ADSS), an objective self-report instrument designed to measure the types of interpersonal discussion strategies that women and men use if they want to discuss AIDS with an intimate partner. A factor analysis conducted in Study I provided evidence for six AIDS-related discussion strategies: rational, manipulation, withdrawal, charm, subtlety, and persistence. Reliability analyses indicated more than adequate internal consistency for the resulting ADSS subscales (alphas from .74 to .96). Other findings revealed that, relative to males, females reported they would be more likely to use rational types of AIDS discussion strategies with an intimate partner. Additionally, it was found that research participants' stereotypes about AIDS influenced the types of strategies they were likely to use in discussing the topic of AIDS within a close relationship. Other results in Study II provided evidence that men's and women's willingness to discuss AIDS with a potential sexual partner was related to cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of their sexuality.

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“…Thus, although earlier studies suggested that gender differences existed in the use of influence strategies (Falbo & Peplau, 1980;Falbo et al, 1982), more recent studies suggest that the balance of power (Aida & Falbo, 1991;Howard et al, 1986) and the cultural context (Belk et al, 1988) were of primary importance in strategy selection in intimate relationships. These findings are not completely at odds, as the distribution of power between the sexes tends to be imbalanced.…”

Section: Power In Intimate Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a study comparing the influence strategy usage of women and men in Mexico and the United States, Belk et al (1988) found few gender differences. Both Mexican women and men were most likely to use bilateral strategies, but Mexican women were also likely to use indirect strategies.…”

Section: Power In Intimate Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Power and Influence in a Gendered World

Sagrestano

1992

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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A review is presented of empirical research on the effects of gender and power on the use of influence strategies in interpersonal relationships. Several variables are considered, including gender, power, status, relationship of agent to target, and the goal of the influence attempt. Although gender appears to account for some of the findings, power and status are more critical variables in choice of power strategies. Because gender is inextricably linked to power and status, the relationship of gender to influence strategy usage can only be understood in terms of its relationship to power and status.

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Power Strategy Use in the Intimate Relationships of Women and Men from Mexico and the United States

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Reactions of Heterosexual African American Men to Women's Condom Negotiation Strategies

Reactions of Heterosexual African American Men to Women's Condom Negotiation Strategies

Interpersonal Strategies Associated With the Discussion of Aids

The Use of Power and Influence in a Gendered World

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