Power System Reliability Assessment Incorporating Cyber Attacks Against Wind Farm Energy Management Systems

Zhang, Yichi; Xiang, Yingmeng; Wang, Lingfeng

doi:10.1109/tsg.2016.2523515

Cited by 101 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…With higher penetration of wind generation, as well as the advanced cyber components and networks, cyber attacks against the wind farms will become a non-negligible factor which might be a potential threat for power system operation [27]. In the conventional centralized control schemes, the central wind farm controller directly acquires the measured power outputs of WTs from each WT, solves the optimization problem and then sends the reactive power set-points to each WT.…”

Section: B Cyber Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the decentralized control, the central agent and local agent exchange the updating variables in the ADMM, x, z, γ and ρ, instead of explicit reactive power measurements and setpoints. From the perspective of cyber and information security, the decentralized manner can better prevent the operating information of the wind farms from being directly stolen by the hackers, which is one of the common attack scenarios for wind farms [27].…”

Section: B Cyber Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Decentralized Coordinated Voltage Control for VSC-HVDC Connected Wind Farms Based on ADMM

Guo

Gao

Xing

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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Section: B Cyber Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Cyber Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Coordinated Voltage Control for VSC-HVDC Connected Wind Farms Based on ADMM

Guo

Gao

Xing

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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“…(3) the control center LAN of wind farms; and (4) the remote control LAN in the substation [16]. The WTCP is a vulnerable node in the control network of a wind farm.…”

Section: Wind Farm Cyber Architecture and Security Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamic simulation of a WT was tested in [15], and the impact caused by malicious modifications on the WT control parameters was discussed. In [16], power system reliability, considering the sudden tripping of WTs, was evaluated via a reliability analysis. With the specific attack paths, the MTTC was applied to estimate the frequency of cyber-attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Grid Reliability Evaluation Considering Wind Farm Cyber Security and Ramping Events

Liu

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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The cybersecurity of wind farms is an increasing concern in recent years, and its impacts on the power system reliability have not been fully studied. In this paper, the pressing issues of wind farms, including cybersecurity and wind power ramping events (WPRs) are incorporated into a new reliability evaluation approach. Cyber–physical failures like the instantaneous failure and longtime fatigue of wind turbines are considered in the reliability evaluation. The tripping attack is modeled in a bilevel optimal power flow model which aims to maximize the load shedding on the system’s vulnerable moment. The time-varying failure rate of wind turbine is approximated by Weibull distribution which incorporates the service time and remaining life of wind turbine. Various system defense capacities and penetration rates of wind power are simulated on the typical reliability test system. The comparative and sensitive analyses show that power system reliability is challenged by the cybersecurity of wind farms, especially when the installed capacity of wind power continues to rise. The timely patching of network vulnerabilities and the life management of wind turbines are important measures to ensure the cyber–physical security of wind farms.

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“…The undesired tripping of the wind farm and deficiency of the secondary reserve as well as the supported reactive power could deteriorate voltage and frequency. An intelligent cyberattack to this control system, upon successful intrusion to the network, would be a new threat to overcome [5], [6].…”

Section: A Digital Modernization and Emerging Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Assessment of Hypothesized Cyberattacks on Interconnected Bulk Power Systems

Ten

Yamashita

Yang

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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The first-ever Ukraine cyberattack on power grid has proven its devastation by hacking into their critical cyber assets. With administrative privileges accessing substation networks/local control centers, one intelligent way of coordinated cyberattacks is to execute a series of disruptive switching executions on multiple substations using compromised supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These actions can cause significant impacts to an interconnected power grid. Unlike the previous power blackouts, such high-impact initiating events can aggravate operating conditions, initiating instability that may lead to system-wide cascading failure. A systemic evaluation of "nightmare" scenarios is highly desirable for asset owners to manage and prioritize the maintenance and investment in protecting their cyberinfrastructure. This survey paper is a conceptual expansion of real-time monitoring, anomaly detection, impact analyses, and mitigation (RAIM) framework that emphasizes on the resulting impacts, both on steady-state and dynamic aspects of power system stability. Hypothetically, we associate the combinatorial analyses of steady state on substations/components outages and dynamics of the sequential switching orders as part of the permutation. The expanded framework includes (1) critical/noncritical combination verification, (2) cascade confirmation, and (3) combination re-evaluation. This paper ends with a discussion of the open issues for metrics and future design pertaining the impact quantification of cyber-related contingencies.

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Power System Reliability Assessment Incorporating Cyber Attacks Against Wind Farm Energy Management Systems

Cited by 101 publications

References 25 publications

Decentralized Coordinated Voltage Control for VSC-HVDC Connected Wind Farms Based on ADMM

Decentralized Coordinated Voltage Control for VSC-HVDC Connected Wind Farms Based on ADMM

Power Grid Reliability Evaluation Considering Wind Farm Cyber Security and Ramping Events

Impact Assessment of Hypothesized Cyberattacks on Interconnected Bulk Power Systems

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