Power Training Improves Balance in Healthy Older Adults

Orr, Rhonda; Vos, N. J. de; Singh, Nalin; Ross, Dale A.; Stavrinos, Theodora M.; Fiatarone-Singh, M

doi:10.1093/gerona/61.1.78

Cited by 268 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A study demonstrated that older people (~72 years of age) with similar muscle mass to that of younger people (~22 years of age) covered a shorter distance in the 6 min walk test 34. Studies have shown that older people who fall have less muscle power in the lower limbs compared with their non‐faller counterparts,10, 35 suggesting that muscle power is a determinant of fall risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundAgeing is associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and increased fall risk, all of which contribute to increased fracture risk. Mechanically, bone strength adapts in response to forces created by muscle contractions. Adaptations can be through changes in bone size, geometry, and bending strength. Muscle mass is often used as a surrogate for muscle force; however, force can be increased without changes in muscle mass. Increased fall risk with ageing has been associated with a decline in muscle power—which is a measure of mobility. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to investigate the relationship between muscle parameters in the upper and lower limbs with age in UK men and the influence of ethnicity on these relationships; (ii) to examine the relationships between jump force/grip strength/cross‐sectional muscle area (CSMA) with bone outcomes at the radius and tibia.MethodsWhite European, Black Afro‐Caribbean, and South Asian men aged 40–79 years were recruited from Manchester, UK. Cortical bone mineral content, cross‐sectional area, cortical area, cross‐sectional moment of inertia, and CSMA were measured at the diaphysis of the radius and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Lower limb jump force and power were measured from a single two‐legged jump performed on a ground‐reaction force platform. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Associations between muscle and bone outcomes was determined using linear regression with adjustments for age, height, weight, and ethnicity.ResultsThree hundred and one men were recruited. Jump force was negatively associated with age; for every 10 year increase in age, there was a 4% reduction in jump force (P < 0.0001). There was a significant age–ethnicity interaction for jump power (P = 0.039); after adjustments, this was attenuated (P = 0.088). For every 10 year increase in age, grip strength decreased by 11%. Jump force was positively associated with tibial bone outcomes: a 1 standard deviation greater jump force was associated with significantly higher cortical bone mineral content 3.1%, cross‐sectional area 4.2%, cortical area 3.4%, and cross‐sectional moment of inertia 6.8% (all P < 0.001). Cross‐sectional muscle area of the lower leg was not associated with tibial bone outcomes. Both grip strength and CSMA of the arm were positively associated, to a similar extent, with radius diaphyseal bone outcomes.ConclusionsJump force and power are negatively associated with age in UK men. In the lower limb, the measurement of jump force is more strongly related to bone outcomes than CSMA. It is important to consider jump force and power when understanding the aetiology of bone loss and mobility in ageing men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…The Borg Scale (25) was used to assist in evaluating when 1RM was reached. Peak muscle power was obtained at 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of the 1RM approximately 30 minutes after 1RM testing (26,27). Participants were instructed to exert "as fast as possible" at each relative percentage of the 1RM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high‐speed power training on muscle performance, function, and pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot investigation

Sayers¹,

Gibson²,

Cook³

2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. To examine the effect of high-speed power training (HSPT) on muscle performance, mobility-based function, and pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Methods. Thirty-three participants (mean ؎ SD age 67.6 ؎ 6.8 years) were randomized to HSPT (n ‫؍‬ 12), slow-speed strength training (SSST; n ‫؍‬ 10), or control (CON; n ‫؍‬ 11) for a 12-week intervention. HSPT performed 3 sets of 12-14 repetitions at 40% of the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) "as fast as possible," SSST performed 3 sets of 8 -10 repetitions at 80% of the 1RM slowly, and CON performed stretching and warm-up exercises. Outcome measures included leg press (LP) 1RM and LP peak power (PP) from 40 -90% of the 1RM and the corresponding PP velocity (PPV) and PP force; 400-meter walk, Berg Balance Scale, and timed chair rise; and self-reported function and pain using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Analysis of variance models were used to compare changes from baseline to 12 weeks. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Results. LP PP improved in both HSPT and SSST compared to CON (P ‫؍‬ 0.04). LP PPV improved only in HSPT (P ‫؍‬ 0.01).There were also improvements in timed chair rise (P ‫؍‬ 0.002), WOMAC function (P ‫؍‬ 0.004), and WOMAC pain (P ‫؍‬ 0.02) across all of the groups. Conclusion. HSPT was effective at improving function and pain, but no more so than either SSST or CON. Because HSPT improved multiple muscle performance measures (strength, power, and speed), it is a more effective resistance training protocol than SSST and may increase safety in this population, especially when high-speed movements are required during daily tasks.

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“…The inclusion of explosive contractions in strength training results in overall neuromuscular adaptations in the elderly, such as increases in the maximal concentric power, the rates of force development and rapid muscle activation, and maximal dynamic strength (Häkkinen et al 2001;Izquierdo et al 2001a). Moreover, certain studies have reported that strength training using high velocity during concentric contractions results in greater improvements in functional capacity when compared with strength training using only slow velocity of contractions (Earles et al 2001;Sayers et al 2003;Henwood et al 2008;Miszko et al 2003;Orr et al 2006;Bottaro et al 2007;Correa et al 2012;Pereira et al 2012;Reid and Fielding 2012). In the study by Pereira et al (2012), 12 weeks of high-speed power training improved walking speed and performance on functional tests, such as "sit to stand" and "get up and go" in elderly women.…”

Section: Long-term Concurrent Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

Izquierdo

2013

AGE

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The purpose of the present study was to review the scientific literature that investigated concurrent training adaptations in elderly populations, with the aim of identifying the optimal combination of both training program variables (i.e., strength and endurance) to avoid or minimize the interference effect in the elderly. Scielo, Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Concurrent training is the most effective strategy by which to improve neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions as well as functional capacity in the elderly. The volume and frequency of training appears to play a critical role in concurrent training-induced adaptations in elderly subjects. Furthermore, new evidence indicates that the intra-session exercise order may influence the magnitude of physiological adaptations. Despite the interference effect on strength gains that is caused by concurrent training, this type of training is advantageous in that the combination of strength and endurance training produces both neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations in the elderly. The interference phenomenon may be observed in elderly subjects when a moderate weekly volume of concurrent training (i.e., three times per week) is performed. However, even with the occurrence of this phenomenon, the performance of three concurrent training sessions per week appears to optimize the strength gains in relative brief periods of training (12 weeks). Moreover, performing strength prior to endurance exercise may optimize both neuromuscular and cardiovascular gains.

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Power Training Improves Balance in Healthy Older Adults

Cited by 268 publications

References 25 publications

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Effect of high‐speed power training on muscle performance, function, and pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot investigation

How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

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