“…Ghandourah et al (2022) introduce an improved Artificial Neural Network (ANN) designed for predicting the displacement of composite material pipelines subjected to varying falling hammer impact velocities. Ouladbrahim et al (2022) employed various optimization techniques (WOA-ANN, GA-ANN, AOA-ANN, WOABAT-ANN) for crack length identification, while Gholami, Kamankesh, Mohammadi, Hosseinkhani, and Abdi (2022) enhanced the Jaya algorithm's performance, resulting in the Powerful Enhanced Jaya (PEJAYA), which outperformed other algorithms in various applications. Khatir, Capozucca, Khatir, and Magagnini (2022) integrated ANN with the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) to predict cracks in steel and aluminum beams.…”