Powering Luminous Core Collapse Supernovae with Jets

Soker, Noam

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac822d

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…MR-SNe have also been suggested as explanations for SLSNe (e.g. Quimby et al 2011 ;Gal-Yam 2012 ;Inserra et al 2013b ;Soker & Gilkis 2017 ;Gal-Yam 2019 ;Nicholl 2021 ;Soker 2022 ). This is because MR-SNe bring the promise of producing larger amounts of 56 Ni than ordinary CCSNe, and they may also host protomagnetars, which may act as central engines releasing energy in the ejecta that decisively contribute to the overall luminosity of the explosion.…”

Section: Candidates For Superluminous Superno V Ae?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorotational supernovae: a nucleosynthetic analysis of sophisticated 3D models

Reichert

Obergaulinger

Aloy

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Magnetorotational supernovae are a rare type of core-collapse supernovae where the magnetic field and rotation play a central role in the dynamics of the explosion. We present the post-processed nucleosynthesis of state-of-the-art neutrino-MHD supernova models that follow the post explosion evolution for few seconds. We find three different dynamical mechanisms to produce heavy r-process elements: i) a prompt ejection of matter right after core bounce, ii) neutron-rich matter that is ejected at late times due to a reconfiguration of the protoneutronstar shape, iii) small amount of mass ejected with high entropies in the center of the jet. We investigate total ejecta yields, including the ones of unstable nuclei such as 26Al, 44Ti, 56Ni, and 60Fe. The obtained 56Ni masses vary between 0.01 − 1 M⊙. The latter maximum is compatible with hypernova observations. Furthermore, all of our models synthesize Zn masses in agreement with observations of old metal-poor stars. We calculate simplified light curves to investigate whether our models can be candidates for superluminous supernovae. The peak luminosities obtained from taking into account only nuclear heating reach up to a few ∼1043 erg s−1. Under certain conditions, we find a significant impact of the 66Ni decay chain that can raise the peak luminosity up to $\sim 38\%$ compared to models including only the 56Ni decay chain. This work reinforces the theoretical evidence on the critical role of magnetorotational supernovae to understand the occurrence of hypernovae, superluminous supernovae, and the synthesis of heavy elements.

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Section: Candidates For Superluminous Superno V Ae?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorotational supernovae: a nucleosynthetic analysis of sophisticated 3D models

Reichert

Obergaulinger

Aloy

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…I now discuss the possibility that long-duration jets power the LSNe and SLSNe with the longest rise time, as I derived in a recent study (Soker 2022e, where I give more details). In that study I used a toy model that is a modification of the toy model of Kaplan & Soker (2020a) that I mentioned in Section 7.2.1.…”

Section: Long-duration Post-explosion Jetsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In a recent study show with 3D hydrodynamical simulations that bipolar explosions can indeed explain such light curves. I suggest(Soker 2022e) that a bipolar explosion might explain the light curve of the stripped-envelope SLSN SN 2020wnt that has a "knee", because the bipolar explosion can account also for that (for observations seeTinyanont et al 2021;Gutiérrez et al 2022;Tinyanont et al 2022). I will return to LSNe and SLSNe in Section 7 where I discuss post-explosion jets.Consider fast blue optical transients (FBOTs), and in particular AT2018cow-like FBOTs that are bright transients (e.g.,Margutti et al 2019) that have only a few days rise time to peak emission (e.g.,Prentice et al 2018;Perley et al 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Jets in Exploding Supernovae and in Shaping their Remnants

Soker

2022

Res. Astron. Astrophys.

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I review studies of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and similar transient events that attribute major roles to jets in powering most CCSNe and in shaping their ejecta. I start with reviewing the jittering jets explosion mechanism that I take to power most CCSN explosions. Neutrino heating does play a role in boosting the jets. I compare the morphologies of some CCSN remnants to planetary nebulae to conclude that jets and instabilities are behind the shaping of their ejecta. I then discuss CCSNe that are descendants of rapidly rotating collapsing cores that result in fixed-axis jets (with small jittering) that shape bipolar ejecta. A large fraction of the bipolar CCSNe are superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). I conclude that modelling of SLSNe lightcurves and bumps in the lightcurves must include jets, even when considering energetic magnetars and/or ejecta interaction with the circumstellar matter (CSM). I connect the properties of bipolar CCSNe to common envelope jets supernovae (CEJSNe) where an old neutron star or a black hole spirals-in inside the envelope and then inside the core of a red supergiant. I discuss how jets can shape the pre-explosion CSM, as in supernova 1987A, and can power pre-explosion outbursts (precursors) in binary systems progenitors of CCSNe and CEJSNe. Binary interaction facilitate also the launching of post-explosion jets.

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“…Multiple parameters are currently required to capture the uncertainties in the explosive engine. The explosion energy depends on the growth time of the convection (Fryer et al 2021(Fryer et al , 2022Boccioli et al 2023) as well as on the existence of energy sources, such as continued accretion after the shock is launched (especially if there is sufficient angular momentum to form an accretion disk) or the development of a magnetar (Shankar et al 2021;Soker 2022). The mass cut also depends on the convective growth time (Fryer et al 2022).…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The γ-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae

Roberti,

Pignatari,

Fryer

et al. 2024

A&A

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The process in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) can produce a number of neutron-deficient stable isotopes heavier than iron ( nuclei). However, current model predictions do not fully reproduce solar abundances, especially for Mo and Ru We investigate the impact of different explosion energies and parametrizations on the nucleosynthesis of nuclei, by studying stellar models with different initial masses and different CCSN explosions. We compared the yields obtained using a semi-analytical method to simulate the supernova to those obtained using hydrodynamic models. We explored the effect of varying the explosion parameters on the production in two sets of CCSN models with initial masses of 15, 20, and 25 at solar metallicity. We calculated a new set of 24 CCSN models (eight for each stellar progenitor mass) and compared our results with another recently published set of 80 CCSN models that includes a wide range of explosion parameters: explosion energy or initial shock velocity, energy injection time, and mass location of the injection. We find that the total yields are only marginally affected by the CCSN explosion prescriptions if the production is already efficient in the stellar progenitors due to a C–O shell merger. In most CCSN explosions from progenitors without a C-O shell merger, the yields increase with the explosion energy by up to an order of magnitude, depending on the progenitor structure and the CCSN prescriptions. The general trend of the production with the explosion energy is more complicated if we look at the production of single nuclei. The light tend to be the most enhanced with increasing explosion energy. In particular, for the CCSN models where the freeze-out component is ejected, the yields of the lightest nuclei (including Mo and Ru ) increase by up to three orders of magnitude. We provide the first extensive study using different sets of massive stars of the impact of varying CCSN explosion prescriptions on the production of nuclei. Unlike previous expectations and recent results in the literature, we find that the average production of nuclei tends to increase with the explosion energy. We also confirm that the pre-explosion production of nuclei in C-O shell mergers is a robust result, independent of the subsequent explosive nucleosynthesis. More generally, a realistic range of variations in the evolution of stellar progenitors and in the CCSN explosions might boost the CCSN contribution to the galactic chemical evolution of nuclei.

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Powering Luminous Core Collapse Supernovae with Jets

Cited by 16 publications

References 68 publications

Magnetorotational supernovae: a nucleosynthetic analysis of sophisticated 3D models

Magnetorotational supernovae: a nucleosynthetic analysis of sophisticated 3D models

The Role of Jets in Exploding Supernovae and in Shaping their Remnants

The γ-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae

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