Powerlaw spectra from stochastic acceleration

Abstract

Numerical simulations of particle acceleration in magnetized turbulence have recently observed powerlaw spectra where pile-up distributions are rather expected. We interpret this as evidence for particle segregation based on acceleration rate, which is likely related to a non-trivial dependence of this acceleration efficiency on phase space variables other than the momentum. We describe the corresponding transport in momentum space using continuous-time random walks, in which the time between two consecutive momentum jumps becomes a random variable. We show that powerlaws indeed emerge when the experimental (simulation) timescale does not encompass the full extent of the distribution of waiting times. We provide analytical solutions, which reproduce dedicated numerical Monte Carlo realizations of the stochastic process, as well as analytical approximations. Our results can be readily extrapolated for applications to astrophysical phenomenology.