Pox

Tripathy, Deoki N.; Reed, Willie M.

doi:10.1002/9781119371199.ch10

Cited by 24 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…All of the birds showed thickened eye lid ( Figure 1) and scab like lesions on skin or feet (Figure 2). These symptoms and gross lesions are typical of pox as reported in previous literature and reference books (Moss 1996;Tripathy and Reed 1997). The thickened airsac lesion was observed in one bird only (14%), along with the absence of any hepatic, tracheal, oesophageal and lung lesions indicating that the pox infection was not diphteric (Tripathy and Reed 1997).…”

Section: Birds Symptoms and Gross Pathologysupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Host specificity plays a major role in the level of pathogenicity of avipoxviruses (Kim et al 2003). In canaries, avipoxviruses cause a serious damage to both breeders and offsprings, resulting in high mortality that can reach 80% of the infected birds (Tripathy and Reed 1997). This virus colonizes mainly the skin, resulting in the thickening of the dermis and formation of scabs in the infected areas (Tripathy and Reed 1997;Williams et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In canaries, avipoxviruses cause a serious damage to both breeders and offsprings, resulting in high mortality that can reach 80% of the infected birds (Tripathy and Reed 1997). This virus colonizes mainly the skin, resulting in the thickening of the dermis and formation of scabs in the infected areas (Tripathy and Reed 1997;Williams et al 2014). In diptheric avipoxviruses, lesions can develop internally, affecting the oral cavity, oesophagus, and other internal organs (Williams et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Shaib

Barbour

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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A canarypox outbreak resulted in the death of about 50% of canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in several breeding farms in Lebanon. Infected birds showed thickened eye lid and skin scab-like lesions at the beak, foot and caudal regions and died 5-6 days post disease symptoms onset. Out of seven sick birds that were autopsied for gross pathology evaluation, one bird demonstrated turbid airsacs with absence of any lesions in the trachea, oesophagus, liver and lung. Histopathological examination showed hyperplasia, heterophils infiltration and Bollinger body formation in the skin of five out of the seven autopsied canaries. Hyperplasia and infiltration of heterophils were also observed in the airsacs of one bird. PCR analysis of specimens taken from the skin and feet, targeting the fpv167 gene of the canarypox virus, was positive for all of the analyzed canaries. PCR analysis also revealed that two birds had concurrent infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Sequencing and alignment of the amplified fpv167 gene of the canarypox showed 100% similarity with the Iranian canary pox isolate IR/H913/14. Smuggling of pet birds through the borders should be strictly controlled and biosecurity measures must be adequately applied to control the circulation of the two identified pathogens.

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Section: Birds Symptoms and Gross Pathologysupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Shaib

Barbour

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…In the diphtheritic form, yellow lesions in the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus, or trachea may result in dyspnea, anorexia, and nasal and/or ocular discharge, 4 and interfere with food and water intake as well as with breathing. 6,17…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Most wild birds infected with APVs are moderately affected, and rarely succumb to the infection. 17 However, mortality rates may be high when oral and respiratory mucous membranes are affected. 7 During outbreaks of the disease, 80–100% mortality rates were observed in an infected canary flock.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of clade C Avipoxvirus in a fowlpox outbreak in exotic psittacines in southern Brazil

et al. 2018

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Fowlpox is one of the oldest diseases reported in birds. The causative genus Avipoxvirus affects ~232 domestic and wild species. We present herein the history, clinical findings, and macroscopic and histologic lesions caused by a clade C poxvirus in an exotic psittacine breeding colony in southern Brazil. Clinical signs included yellow nodular lesions at the commissure of the beak and on the periocular skin, loss of appetite, and death. Fifty birds were autopsied, and fragments of periocular skin, tongue, and trachea were examined histologically, which revealed hyperkeratosis associated with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Tracheal fragments and periocular skin were subjected to nested PCR and phylogenetic analyses. The sequenced strain showed 99.58% identity with the nucleotide sequences of Avipoxvirus strains AY53011, KC018069, AM050383, and AM05382 isolated from birds in Germany, United States, and United Kingdom. The strain was grouped under clade C, which represents isolates exclusively from the Psittacidae family. The infection caused by clade C Avipoxvirus in the exotic psittacines examined ( Platycercus sp. and Psephotus haematonotus) demonstrates the circulation of this clade in this breeding colony.

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Respiratory Diseases

Fulton¹

2021

Backyard Poultry Medicine and Surgery

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Pox

Cited by 24 publications

References 81 publications

Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Characterization of a canarypox virus from an outbreak among canaries (Serinus canaria domesticus) in Lebanon

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of clade C Avipoxvirus in a fowlpox outbreak in exotic psittacines in southern Brazil

Respiratory Diseases

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