Poxvirus Infections in Dairy Farms and Transhumance Cattle Herds in Nigeria

Omoniwa, D. O.; Meki, Irene K.; Kudi, Caleb Ayuba; Sackey, A. K. B.; Aminu, Maryam; Adedeji, Adeyinka Jeremy; Meseko, Clement; Luka, Pam Dachung; Asala, Olayinka; Adole, J.A.; Atai, Rebecca B.; Atuman, Y. J.; Settypalli, Tirumala Bharani Kumar; Cattoli, Giovanni; Lamien, Charles Euloge

doi:10.3390/v15051051

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…Co-infections in viral diseases of cattle were uncommon and/or less reported. A mixed infection of LSD with pseudocowpox was reported by Omoniwa et al (2023). Based on common clinical symptoms and in accordance with the clinical hallmarks of both disorders, FMD and LSD were clinically diagnosed (Abas et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Bihonegn,

Feyisa

2023

WVJ

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and foot and mouth disease (FMD) are notable viral diseases of cattle. This report aimed to highlight the possibilities of an uncommon case of LSD and FMD co-infection. The report also presents the clinical and molecular detection of LSD virus in six crossbred calves and LSD and FMD virus co-infection in a heifer at small-scale dairy farms located in northern Ethiopia. Nasal swabs and tissue samples were collected following aseptic techniques from the six calves suspected of having LSD and a tissue sample from one heifer suspected of having LSD-FMD co-infection and submitted to the laboratory for cell culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Different-sized, firm, painful skin nodules with necrotic centers were seen on different parts of the calves’ body. Swelling of the prescapular and prefemoral lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, and corneal cloudiness were also observed. Uniquely, one heifer was seen with erosive lesions in the oral cavity and tongue, salivation, lameness, and skin nodules. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, a distinctive feature of LSD virus, and the formation of syncytia, a characteristic of FMD virus, were observed in the cell lines. The heifer was diagnosed with a rare co-infection of LSDV and FMDV based on clinical signs, cell culture, and real-time PCR test results. The other six calves were diagnosed with the LSD virus. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, local wound cleansing, and anti-inflammatory drugs was initiated. Unfortunately, the heifer with LSD-FMD co-infection died while under treatment, and just three calves with LSD were recovered. It can be concluded that vaccination of animals against both diseases and promotion of bio-security protocols in farms is more helpful than treatment, and early case reporting is also warranted to avoid losses related to the diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Bihonegn,

Feyisa

2023

WVJ

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GC‐MS Profiling, Pharmacological Predictions, Molecular Docking, and ADME Studies of Different Parts of Thymus Linearis against Multiple Target Proteins in Wound Healing

Saleem,

Mushtaq,

Muhammad

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Thymus linearis from the Himalayan woodlands of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, is a phytomedicine that has not been well‐studied. Traditionally, it is recognized for its potential in treating conditions such as dermatitis, psoriasis, weight loss, and discomfort. The study investigates the wound‐healing properties of methanolic extracts from the plant's stems, leaves, and roots. GC‐MS disclosed cadaverine, dihydroxy‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐N‐isopropylbutyramide, phthalic acid‐di(2‐propylpentyl)ester, and benzo[h]quinolone‐2,4‐dimethyl in stem along with betamethasone velerate, 17‐pentatriacontene, 1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxmide, heptadecane‐9‐hexyl, cyclohexanol‐2‐methylene‐3(1‐methylethenyl) and pentacyclo[12.3.0.0(1,13).0(2,10).0(5,9)]hepatodecane‐6‐ol‐15‐one in leaf extracts and 2‐myristynonyl pantetheine, 7,8‐epoxylanostan‐11‐ol‐3‐acetoxy, heneicosane (1‐(1‐ethyl propyl)), 2‐piperidinone‐N‐[4‐bromobutyl] and 1‐monolinoleoylglycerol trimethyl silyl ether in the root extract. The antioxidant activity was assessed using several assays including DPPH, bound iron %, ABTS, total flavonoid content, and total phenolic content. The methanolic stem extract (MSE) showed the highest antioxidant capacity compared to the leaf and root extracts. The stem extract demonstrated the highest wound‐healing potential, followed by leaves and roots in albino mice. The findings were supported by computational analysis, which revealed that the binding interactions of phytochemicals from stem have more affinity than leaf and root with specific receptor sites. The in‐silico analysis ascertains that dihydroxy‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐N‐isopropylbutyramide from MSE is the most effective wound‐healing agent. Moreover, ADME predictions demonstrated the drug‐like properties of the hit compounds.

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Detection and molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease and bovine papular stomatitis viruses in lumpy skin disease-suspected outbreaks in Tanzania

Makoga,

Chang’a,

Meki

et al. 2024

Virol J

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Background Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is endemic in sub-Saharan countries and is currently a global threat to the cattle industry. Information on the circulating Capripoxvirus lumpyskinpox, formerly known as Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), and other poxviruses infecting cattle is very scant in Tanzania. The current study aimed to confirm and characterize LSDV and other poxviruses infecting cattle, from LSD suspected outbreaks in Tanzania. Methods A total of 24 samples were collected from four LSD suspected outbreaks reported in Tanzania between February and May 2023. Samples were screened for LSDV genome by real-time PCR and then subjected to a high-resolution multiplex melting (HRM) assay where 10 samples were positive for Capripoxvirus (CaPV) and one sample was Parapoxvirus (PPV) positive. Four LSDV genes; RPO30, GPCR, EEV glycoprotein and B22R and the partial B2L gene of PPVs were analyzed. Results All targeted LSDV genes from the Tanzanian isolates showed 100% similarity and isolates clustered with commonly circulating LSDV field isolates. Furthermore, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 240 (A-> G) of the EEV gene differentiates the Tanzanian LSDVs from the group of ancient Kenyan LSDV isolates while the B22R sequences of the Tanzanian LSDV isolates differed from the LSDV Neethling and LSDV KSGP-0240 derived vaccines. Sequence analysis of the partial B2L gene of the Tanzanian parapoxvirus bovinestomatitis, formerly known as Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) showed a different BPSV strain circulating compared to publicly available sequences. Conclusion These findings confirm the presence of LSDV in Tanzania, which suggesting the need for establishing an effective control program and continuous monitoring. The presence of a typical profile for Tanzania BPSV is an indication that, although never reported before, BPSV is established in the country therefore this virus should be included in the differential diagnosis of LSDV.

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Poxvirus Infections in Dairy Farms and Transhumance Cattle Herds in Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Clinical and Molecular Detections of Lumpy Skin Disease: Possibilities of Co-infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

GC‐MS Profiling, Pharmacological Predictions, Molecular Docking, and ADME Studies of Different Parts of Thymus Linearis against Multiple Target Proteins in Wound Healing

Detection and molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease and bovine papular stomatitis viruses in lumpy skin disease-suspected outbreaks in Tanzania

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