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The efficiency of immobilised glutamate oxidase decreases with surface enzyme loading: an electrostatic effect, and reversal by a polycation significantly enhances biosensor sensitivity

“…The development of devices for monitoring L-glutamate (Glu) has become a significant research area due to the important role this amino acid plays in a range of complex matrices, including food processing, 1 cell cultures, 2 tissue slices ex vivo, 3 and intact brain in vivo. [4][5][6][7] As an excitatory amino acid, Glu is the most widespread neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS and has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders.…”

Control of the Oxygen Dependence of an Implantable Polymer/Enzyme Composite Biosensor for Glutamate

“…l -Glutamate (Glu) is the most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, plays a major role in a broad range of brain functions, and has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders . Indeed, the development of devices for Glu detection has become an important research area due to the value of monitoring this key amino acid in a number of complex matrixes, including food processing, , cell cultures, − tissue slices ex vivo, , and intact brain in vivo. − …”

Disposable biosensor based on immobilisation of glutamate oxidase on Pt nanoparticles modified Au nanowire array electrode

“…This electrode could successfully detect enzymatically generated H 2 O 2 . The sensitivity of the electrode towards glutamate obtained from the calibration plot was 10.76 A mM −1 cm −2 , which is higher than a large number of reported glutamate oxidase based sensor (Cooper et al, 1995;Jamal et al, 2009;Kwon et al, 2005;Kwong et al, 2000;Nakorn et al, 2003;Oldenziel et al, 2004), where the sensitivity varies between 0.001 and 1.43 A mM −1 cm −2 . This would be attributed to the uniform distribution of nanoparticle and a higher amount of enzyme deposited onto the ordered 3D NAE surface.…”

“…A number of works have been reported on various strategy of employing GlutOx on to electrode surface to improve the sensitivity (Cooper et al, 1995;Kwon et al, 2005;Kwong et al, 2000;Nakorn et al, 2003;Oldenziel et al, 2004). However, majority of them involved complicated processing steps, which are not efficient to improve the sensitivity, response time and overall reliability of the system.…”