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Iverson, Louis R.; Dale, Martin E.; Scott, Charles T.; Prasad, Anantha

doi:10.1023/a:1007989813501

Cited by 243 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Plant species distribution and plant community composition vary along environmental gradients (Allen and Hoekstra 1990;Levin 1992), and several community and landscape studies have linked species responses to environmental gra-dients at different spatial scales (Mäkipää 1999;Hollingsworth et al 2006). For instance, at the continental scale climate plays the most important role in determining plant distribution and community composition (Woodward 1987;Neilson 1995), while at the local and regional scales vegetation patterns are more strongly related to edaphic and topographic factors (Ertsen et al 1995;Iverson et al 1997). Across all scales, temperature and the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration are particularly important, as they largely control the rates of biological reactions, for instance microbial activity (Hobbie 1996;Moore et al 1999) and net primary productivity (Nemani et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of northeastern North American forests to climate change: Will soil conditions constrain tree species migration?

et al. 2010

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Plant species distribution and plant community composition vary along environmental gradients. At the continental scale, climate plays a major role in determining plant distribution, while at the local and regional scales vegetation patterns are more strongly related to edaphic and topographic factors. The projected global warming and alteration of the precipitation regime will influence tree physiology and phenology, and is likely to promote northward migration of tree species. However the influence of soil characteristics on tree species migration is not as well understood. Considering the broad tolerance of most tree species to variations in soil factors, soils should not represent a major constraint for the northward shift of tree species. However, locally or regionally, soil properties may constrain species migration. Thus, while climate change has the potential to induce a northward migration of tree species, local or regional soil properties may hinder their migratory response. These antagonistic forces are likely to slow down potential tree migration in response to climate change. Because tree species respond individualistically to climate variables and soil properties, new tree communities are likely to emerge from climate change.Résumé : La distribution des espèces et la composition des communautés végétales varient le long de gradients environnementaux. À l'échelle continentale, le climat joue un rôle primordial dans la distribution des espèces végétales, alors qu'aux échelles locale et régionale la distribution des espèces est surtout influencée par les variables édaphiques et la topographie. Le réchauffement climatique projeté et l'altération du régime des précipitations sont susceptibles d'influencer la physiologie et la phénologie des arbres, et d'entraîner leur migration vers le nord. Toutefois, l'influence des caractéristiques des sols sur le potentiel migratoire des arbres est peu connue. Puisque la plupart des espèces d'arbres possèdent une grande tolérance aux variations édaphiques, les sols ne devraient pas constituer un obstacle majeur à leur migration vers le nord. Toutefois, localement ou régionalement, les sols pourraient posséder des propriétés qui pourraient restreindre la migration des espèces. Alors que les changements climatiques ont le potentiel de provoquer la migration des espèces vers le nord, localement ou régionalement les propriétés des sols pourraient limiter leur capacité migratoire. Ces forces en opposition pourraient restreindre le potentiel migratoire des arbres en réponse aux changements climatiques. Parce que les espèces d'arbres répondent de manière individuelle aux variables climatiques et aux propriétés des sols, de nouvelles communautés d'arbres pourraient résulter des changements climatiques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of northeastern North American forests to climate change: Will soil conditions constrain tree species migration?

et al. 2010

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“…Browsing refers to the 0.42-ha fenced and unfenced areas. IMI is the integrated moisture index, a metric of soil moisture availability and productivity based on GIS-derived metrics [32]. Basal area is in m 2 per hectare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, we calculated various other site variables for each plot. Site productivity was estimated using Iverson et al's [32] integrated moisture index (IMI). The IMI combines GIS-derived topographic and soil features of the landscape that govern moisture availability (i.e., direct solar radiation, slope position, curvature, and soil water holding capacity) into a single index of relative moisture and site productivity.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing is Not Everything: Assessing the Efficacy of Pre- Versus Post-Harvest Herbicide Applications in Mitigating the Burgeoning Birch Phenomenon in Regenerating Hardwood Stands

Royo

Pinchot

Stanovick

et al. 2019

Forests

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Sweet birch (Betula lenta L.) is aggressively recruiting in temperate forest understories of the eastern United States and often dominates the post-disturbance seedling community, diminishing diversity and hindering sustainable silviculture. The type and timing of silvicultural actions affect birch recruitment via their effects on seedling recruitment, survival, and growth. Here, we examine birch regeneration under two contrasting treatment sequences: pre- versus post-shelterwood harvest herbicide application (H–S vs. S–H) in combination with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) browsing (fenced vs. unfenced) at 22 sites in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. Additionally, we examine how treatments interact with additional site factors, including potential propagule sources and site productivity (i.e., integrated moisture index). We found the S–H sequence initially reduced birch density by 71% relative to the H–S sequence; however, the magnitude of this reduction waned over five growing seasons. Furthermore, birch proliferated following the H–S sequence only where mature birch were present. Deer browsing reduced birch height by 29% relative to fenced areas protected from browsing; however, by the fifth growing season birch seedlings were over twice as tall as other hardwood species across all treatments. Finally, increasingly mesic sites enhanced birch height growth. In sum, although post-harvest herbicide (S–H) provides short-lived control over birch, land managers should also consider browse pressure, seed source, and site productivity, as these may enhance or diminish the efficacy of post-shelterwood herbicide sequence effects on birch.

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“…In each treatment unit, 10 permanent 0.1 ha (20 m Â 50 m) plots were randomly established for long term monitoring. The positions of the sample plots were established by GPS, mapped on a digital elevation map, and assigned a GIS-based integrated moisture index (hereinafter, IMI) score developed as a measure of landscape-scale variation in potential soil moisture by Iverson et al (1997) for this region. IMI scores were achieved through integration of elevation, aspect, hill shade profile, solar radiation potential, downslope flow accumulation, soil depth, soil water holding capacity, and curvature profile (Iverson et al 1997).…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in morphological traits, seed production, and early establishment ofDesmodium nudiflorumfollowing prescribed fire, alone or in combination with forest canopy thinning

Jian

Boerner

2008

Botany

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Reintroduction of periodic dormant-season fire and overstory thinning are currently being employed for forest ecosystem management in deciduous forests of eastern North America. These manipulations usually alter the flux of light and the availability of soil nutrients to the perennial herbaceous plants that dominate the understory. We utilized Bayesian statistical methods to examine the effects of prescribed burning (B) and the combination of burning and overstory thinning (T+B) on the morphology, seed production, and early establishment of Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) in mixed-oak (Quercus spp.) forests in southern Ohio. During the fourth growing season after the first fire, plants from thinned and burned (T+B) plots were 62% larger than plants from control plots (C). Both burning alone (B) and T+B treatments decreased specific leaf area (SLA). T+B also resulted in significantly decreased root mass ratio (RMR), and increased leaf mass ratio (LMR), and specific root length (SRL). During the first growing season after a second fire, both B and T+B resulted in significantly increased plant biomass, LMR, individual seed mass, and total seed production, as well as decreased SLA and plant height; in contrast, neither B nor T+B had significant impacts on leaf area ratio or seedling establishment. Prescribed fire, especially when combined with thinning, can result in increases in total biomass, seed size, and seed production, and hence enhance the fitness of this perennial herb in these mixed-oak forests.Résumé : Dans les forêts décidues de l'est de l'Amérique du nord, on recommence à employer couramment le feu en saison dormante ainsi que l'éclaircie comme outils d'aménagement des écosystèmes. Ces manipulations altèrent généralement le flux de lumière et la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs du sol pour les plantes herbacées pérennes qui dominent le sous-étage. Les auteurs ont utilisé les méthodes statistiques bayésiennes pour examiner les effets du brûlage contrôlé (B) et la combinaison du brûlage et de l'éclaircie (T+B) sur la morphologie, la production des graines et l'établissement pré-coce du Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC (Fabaceae) dans des forêts mixtes de chênes (Quercus spp.) du sud de l'Ohio. Au cours de la quatrième saison après le feu, les plantes des parcelles brûlées et éclaircies (T+B) atteignent des dimensions 62 % plus grandes que celles des parcelles témoins (C). Les traitements brûlage seul (B) aussi bien T+B diminuent les surfaces foliaires spécifiques. T+B conduit également à une diminution significative du rapport de la masse racinaire (RMR) et des augmentations du rapport de la masse foliaire (LMR) ainsi que de la longueur racinaire spécifique. Au cours de la première saison de croissance suivant un deuxième feu, B ainsi que T+B conduisent à une augmentation significative de la biomasse, du LMR, de la masse séminale individuelle et de la production totale de graines, ainsi qu'à une diminution du SLA et de la hauteur des plantes. Au contraire, ni B ni T+B n'exercent des impacts signif...

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Untitled

Cited by 243 publications

References 32 publications

Response of northeastern North American forests to climate change: Will soil conditions constrain tree species migration?

Response of northeastern North American forests to climate change: Will soil conditions constrain tree species migration?

Timing is Not Everything: Assessing the Efficacy of Pre- Versus Post-Harvest Herbicide Applications in Mitigating the Burgeoning Birch Phenomenon in Regenerating Hardwood Stands

Shifts in morphological traits, seed production, and early establishment ofDesmodium nudiflorumfollowing prescribed fire, alone or in combination with forest canopy thinning

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