Ppb-Level Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Detection of Carbon Monoxide Exploiting a Surface Grooved Tuning Fork

Li, Shangzhi; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Tittel, Frank K.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00182

Cited by 74 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Detection and monitoring of hazardous chemicals and greenhouse gases is an increasingly important task [ 1 , 2 ]. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), in one of its many variations [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], is highly suitable for this task due to its high sensitivity. One of the PAS variants, QEPAS, was introduced in 2002 [ 16 ], and is today an established spectroscopic technique [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Spectral Resolution Limitations of QEPAS Sensors for Fast and Broad Wavelength Tuning

Christensen¹,

Høgstedt²,

Friis³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensing is a promising method for low-concentration trace-gas monitoring due to the resonant signal enhancement provided by a high-Q quartz tuning fork. However, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is associated with a relatively slow acoustic decay, which results in a reduced spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio as the wavelength tuning rate is increased. In this work, we investigate the influence of wavelength scan rate on the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of QEPAS sensors. We demonstrate the acquisition of photoacoustic spectra from 3.1 μm to 3.6 μm using a tunable mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator. The spectra are attained using wavelength scan rates differing by more than two orders of magnitude (from 0.3 nm s−1 to 96 nm s−1). With this variation in scan rate, the spectral resolution is found to change from 2.5 cm−1 to 9 cm−1. The investigated gas samples are methane (in nitrogen) and a gas mixture consisting of methane, water, and ethanol. For the gas mixture, the reduced spectral resolution at fast scan rates significantly complicates the quantification of constituent gas concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Spectral Resolution Limitations of QEPAS Sensors for Fast and Broad Wavelength Tuning

Christensen¹,

Høgstedt²,

Friis³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Optical approaches offer the capability of interference-free direct measurements of NO 2 concentrations without any sample preparation and chemical conversion [1,2,[4][5][6]8]. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the most effective optical sensing techniques for trace gas detection due to its advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity as well as compact detection module size [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. PAS-based sensors have been successfully applied in the field of environmental trace gas monitoring [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the most effective optical sensing techniques for trace gas detection due to its advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity as well as compact detection module size [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. PAS-based sensors have been successfully applied in the field of environmental trace gas monitoring [15][16][17]. In the PAS technique, an acoustic wave is generated by the gas selective absorption of the modulated excitation light and converted into an electrical signal via an acoustic transducer (e.g., microphones, quartz tuning forks, or fiber tips); hence the target gas concentration can be obtained by detecting the PAS signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact and Highly Sensitive NO2 Photoacoustic Sensor for Environmental Monitoring

et al. 2020

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A nitrogen dioxide (NO2) photoacoustic sensor for environmental monitoring was developed using a low-cost high-power laser diode emitting at 450 nm. A compact low-noise photoacoustic detection module was designed to reduce the sensor size and to suppress noise. A LabVIEW-based control system was employed for the sensor. The parameters of the sensor were studied in detail in terms of laser power and operating pressure. The linearity of the sensor response with laser power and NO2 concentration confirms that saturation does not occur. At atmospheric pressure, a 3σ detection limit of 250 ppt (part per trillion by volume) was achieved with a 1-s averaging time, which corresponds to the specific detectivity of 3.173 × 10−9 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. A 72 h outdoor continuous on-line monitoring of environmental NO2 was implemented to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the developed NO2 sensor.

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“…The first devices required liquid nitrogen for cooling and allowed only pulsed operation, but they are currently commercially available in continuous wave mode at room temperature and emit up to several hundreds of mW. So far, numerous measurement techniques with QCLs have been applied to ambient air monitoring-ranging from Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) [21][22][23], 2f-Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (2f-WMS) [24], photoacoustic [25][26][27] photothermal spectroscopy [28], cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy [29] and also dispersion-based ones [30] have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Multi-Gas Sensor for Ambient Air Monitoring

Genner

Martín-Mateos

Moser

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A quantum cascade laser-based sensor for ambient air monitoring is presented and five gases, affecting the air quality, can be quantified. The light sources are selected to measure CO, NO, NO2, N2O and SO2. The footprint of the measurement setup is designed to fit in two standard 19” rack (48 cm × 65 cm) with 4 height units (18 cm) whereas one is holding the optical components and the other one contains the electronics and data processing unit. The concentrations of the individual analytes are measured using 2f-Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (2f-WMS) and a commercially available multipass gas cell defines the optical path. In addition, CO can also be measured with a dispersion-based technique, which allows one to cover a wider concentration range than 2f-WMS. The performance of this prototype has been evaluated in the lab and detection limits in the range of 1ppbv have been achieved. Finally, the applicability of this prototype for ambient air monitoring is shown in a five-week measurement campaign in cooperation with the Municipal Department for Environmental Protection (MA 22) of Vienna, Austria.

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Ppb-Level Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Detection of Carbon Monoxide Exploiting a Surface Grooved Tuning Fork

Cited by 74 publications

References 39 publications

Intrinsic Spectral Resolution Limitations of QEPAS Sensors for Fast and Broad Wavelength Tuning

Intrinsic Spectral Resolution Limitations of QEPAS Sensors for Fast and Broad Wavelength Tuning

Compact and Highly Sensitive NO2 Photoacoustic Sensor for Environmental Monitoring

A Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Multi-Gas Sensor for Ambient Air Monitoring

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