PPR control program in Nepal: What next?

Acharya, Krishna Prasad; Phuyal, Sarita; Acharya, Narayan

doi:10.1007/s13337-020-00572-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, a low economic loss due to PPR-related mortality has generally been reported at village levels in Nigeria ($3.8 to $14.6) and community levels in Pakistan ($33) [ 12 ]. While the economic impact of PPR control is often assessed at aggregated at national levels [ 1 , 5 , 12 ], the disaggregation of the economic impact at the household level will be a more effective way of stimulating the buy-in of farmers to voluntarily participate and even be willing to pay for vaccination. Nevertheless, the relatively low economic loss at individual levels may not incentivise farm households to adopt vaccination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lessons can be drawn from the study on farmers’ willingness to vaccinate in Mali [ 24 ], which reported that farmers’ willingness to pay for vaccination increases when they are aware of the benefits of vaccination. Indeed, public awareness campaign is an integral principle of disease control [ 1 ]. Specifically, the media for disseminating information on the benefits and the content of the information are important for an effective public awareness campaign.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is a highly contagious and deadly disease affecting mostly domestic and wild small ruminants. The disease is prevalent across Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia [ 1 ]. Due to the high mortality rate, the disease has an important influence on the economies of households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex-ante impact of pest des petits ruminant control on micro and macro socioeconomic indicators in Senegal: A system dynamics modelling approach

et al. 2023

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Vaccination is considered as the main tool for the Global Control and Eradication Strategy for peste des petits ruminants (PPR), and the efficacity of the PPR-vaccine in conferring long-life immunity has been established. Despite this, previous studies asserted that vaccination can be expensive and consequently, the effectiveness of disease control may not necessarily translate to overall profit for farmers. Also, the consequences of PPR control on socioeconomic indicators like food and nutrition security at a macro-national level have not been explored thoroughly. Therefore, this study seeks to assess ex-ante the impact of PPR control strategies on farm-level profitability and the socioeconomic consequences concerning food and nutrition security at a national level in Senegal. A bi-level system dynamics model, compartmentalised into five modules consisting of integrated production-epidemiological, economics, disease control, marketing, and policy modules, was developed with the STELLA Architect software, validated, and simulated for 30 years at a weekly timestep. The model was parameterised with data from household surveys from pastoral areas in Northern Senegal and relevant existing data. Nine vaccination scenarios were examined considering different vaccination parameters (vaccination coverage, vaccine wastage, and the provision of government subsidies). The findings indicate that compared to a no-vaccination scenario, all the vaccination scenarios for both 26.5% (actual vaccination coverage) and 70% (expected vaccination coverage) resulted in statistically significant differences in the gross margin earnings and the potential per capita consumption for the supply of mutton and goat meat. At the prevailing vaccination coverage (with or without the provision of government subsidies), farm households will earn an average gross margin of $69.43 (annually) more than without vaccination, and the average per capita consumption for mutton and goat meat will increase by 1.13kg/person/year. When the vaccination coverage is increased to the prescribed threshold for PPR eradication (i.e., 70%), with or without the provision of government subsidies, the average gross margin earnings would be $72.23 annually and the per capita consumption will increase by 1.23kg/person/year compared to the baseline (without vaccination). This study’s findings offer an empirical justification for a sustainable approach to PPR eradication. The information on the socioeconomic benefits of vaccination can be promoted via sensitization campaigns to stimulate farmers’ uptake of the practice. This study can inform investment in PPR control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex-ante impact of pest des petits ruminant control on micro and macro socioeconomic indicators in Senegal: A system dynamics modelling approach

et al. 2023

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“…This disease, which was initially confined to the continent of Africa, has now spread to many countries around the world. This disease has appeared first in 1995 [15] and had speeded in all districts of Nepal. When this disease appears in old places, the death rate is low, but if it spreads to new places, the death rate is high.…”

Section: Ppr First Appeared In the African Country Of Ivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Biennial Vaccination Campaign against Peste Des Petits Ruminants in the Bagamati Province in Nepal

Aavash,

Sajita,

Kumar

et al. 2023

AJRAVS

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Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects goats and sheep. Morbidity can reach 90%, and mortality can reach 50-100% in severe cases. PPR is brought on by the Peste des petits ruminant's virus. It is mostly transmitted by direct contact between infected and vulnerable animals. Bagmati Province, a potential province for goat and sheep farming, has conducted a weekly vaccination campaign against PPR disease with the approved action plan throughout the districts at the same time interval for two successive fiscal years, 2021 and 2022, aiming to facilitate systematic and effective immunization programs against this disease in Bagamati Province. Prior to the campaign, there was a continuous outbreak of PPR throughout Short Communication

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Epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Its Risk in Nepal

Subedi

Bhandari

Pantha

et al. 2021

Microbiology Research

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild pigs with high mortality. First reported in East Africa in the early 1900s, ASF was largely controlled in domestic pigs in many countries. However, in recent years ASF outbreaks have been reported in several countries in Europe and Asia. The occurrence of ASF in China, the largest pork producer in the world, in 2018 and in India, the country that surrounds and shares open borders with Nepal, has increased the risk of ASF transmission to Nepal. Lately, the pork industry has been growing in Nepal, overcoming traditional religious and cultural biases against it. However, the emergence of viral infections such as ASF could severely affect the industry's growth and sustainability. Because there are no effective vaccines available to prevent ASF, the government should focus on preventing entry of the virus through strict quarantine measures at the borders, controls on illegal trade, and effective management practices, including biosecurity measures.

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PPR control program in Nepal: What next?

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Ex-ante impact of pest des petits ruminant control on micro and macro socioeconomic indicators in Senegal: A system dynamics modelling approach

Ex-ante impact of pest des petits ruminant control on micro and macro socioeconomic indicators in Senegal: A system dynamics modelling approach

Evaluation of the Biennial Vaccination Campaign against Peste Des Petits Ruminants in the Bagamati Province in Nepal

Epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Its Risk in Nepal

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