Pr�vention des malignen Melanoms

Abstract

Dermatologists and physicians of other specialties, as well as other health professionals have made tremendous efforts to improve the public education (primary prevention) and early detection (secondary prevention) of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) especially during the last decade. In Australia, the country with the highest incidence of CMM in the world, the first public and effective campaigns were already carried out in the sixties. Through the public campaigns, the knowledge increased about skin cancer, and the attitude and behavior toward sun exposure changed in the population. In the USA and Great Britain too, effective public campaigns were carried out in great numbers and extensive experience was acquired. In Germany, prevention campaigns were first run in regional areas. In 1989, the Commission of Early Detection and Prevention of Melanoma of the German Dermatological Society launched nation-wide campaigns. These activities were complemented by regional campaigns in the 1990s. The analysis of previous campaigns demonstrates that single activities are less effective and repeated campaigns are necessary to increase knowledge about skin and to change attitudes and behavior towards UV-exposure. In addition, the development of sun protective clothing and structural changes, e.g. creation of shady places around open-air swimming pools, should be aimed for. Physicians of other specialties and other health professionals should also be included in prevention campaigns.

Prevention Campaign against Skin Cancer

“…Australia was the first country to realize prevention campaigns against skin cancer starting in 1963. There, incidence rates that rose from 17/100,000 (1996) to 32.7/100,000 (1977) up to 50/100,000 in the nineties have shown a stop in increase since 1985 and in the younger cohorts even a decrease [reviewed in 7]. …”

Pour la prévention du mélanome malin / Semaine d'information «Peau et soleil, testez votre peau»

“…Les efforts importants de différents pays pour amé-liorer l'information (prévention primaire) et le dépis-tage (prévention secondaire) s'avèrent payants. Les connaissances sur le cancer de la peau et les facteurs de risque ont été considérablement approfondies et le comportement de la population par rapport au soleil s'est modifié [7][8][9]. En Australie, le pays où l'incidence du mélanome est la plus élevée au monde, la mortalité due à cette tumeur est stable depuis 1985 [10].…”

Gesundheitliche Eigenverantwortung

“…Beim malignen Melanom ist als wichtiger exogener Risikofaktor die UV-Exposition bekannt [4]. Entsprechend der Erfahrungen und epidemiologischen Daten wird daher empfohlen, die persönli-che UV-Exposition zu reduzieren, ohne dabei auf die gewünschte Lebensqualität zu verzichten.…”

“…Im Vordergrund der Aufklärungskampagnen stehen einfache Slogans, wie z. B. Slip-Slop-Slap, SunSmart oder Sonne mit Vernunft, die das Verhalten der Bevölkerung gegenüber der Sonne beeinflussen sollen [4].…”