“…When the Pr 3+ ions are pumped to the closely grouped 3 P J (J = 0, 1, 2) multiplets, several emissions in red ( 3 P 0 → 3 F 2 ), deep red ( 3 P 0 → 3 F 4 ), orange ( 3 P 0 → 3 H 6 ), green ( 3 P 1 → 3 H 5 ), and blue ( 3 P 0 → 3 H 4 ) spectral regions have been demonstrated in tungstate [6], vanadate phosphors [8], molybdate [3], fluoride crystals [1,10], etc. Also, two dominant transitions from the fluorescent 3 P 0 level of Pr 3+ to the lower 3 H 6 and 3 H 4 states can be mixed to give out white light for application to white LEDs [11]. Presently, the rapid development of blue GaN laser diode operating around 450 nm, which can be used to directly pump the 3 P 0,1,2 emitting levels of the Pr 3+ ions, promotes the investigation of visible lasers of Pr 3+ ion [3,10].…”