Practical Applications of the Kramers-Kronig Relations

Orazem, Mark E.; Esteban, J. M.; Moghissi, Oliver C.

doi:10.5006/1.3585252

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…They were initially applied to electrical impedances by Bode [558] and further discussed and applied to EIS [559][560][561][562][563][564][565][566][567][568]. To satisfy Kramers-Kronig relations, the complex function must satisfy four criteria, as follows [223,[559][560][561]:…”

Section: Kramers-kronig Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications

Lasia¹

2014

683

504

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Section: Kramers-kronig Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications

Lasia¹

2014

683

504

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“…This quantitative validation technique is an hybrid method between Voigt's method [76][77] and the measurement model method developed by Orazem's group [69,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Overall Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Montecarlo based quantitative Kramers-Kronig test for linearity assessment of EIS measurements

Giner-Sanz

Ortega

Pérez-Herranz

2016

Electrochimica Acta

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a very powerful tool to study the behaviour of electrochemical systems. Three conditions must be fulfilled during EIS measurements: causality, linearity, and stability. If any of these conditions is not achieved, then the conclusions obtained from the analysis of the measured spectra may be biased, or even misguided. For this reason, the verification of the compliance of these conditions is critical before accepting any analysis performed on an experimental spectrum. In a previous work, an experimental spectrum quantitative validation technique based on Kramers-Kronig relations was presented. The validation method consists in a Kramers-Kronig (KK) validation test, by equivalent electrical circuit fitting, coupled with a Montecarlo error propagation method. The validation technique builds a consistency region for a given confidence level that allows to discriminate between the individual points of the EIS spectrum that are consistent with the four fundamental hypotheses, and the inconsistent ones. The aim of this work is to validate experimentally if the quantitative validation technique is able to detect nonlinearities. In order to achieve this goal, the EIS spectrum of a markedly nonlinear system was measured experimentally using different perturbation amplitudes. The validation technique was applied to each one of the measured spectra. The method successfully managed to identify large nonlinearities; but did not detect slight ones.

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“…An extensive review of the available methods for the application of Kramers-Kronig relations for EIS spectra validation was presented by Agarwal and Orazem [73]. Some examples of Kramers-Kronig based validation methods available in bibliography are the Voight method developed by Boukamp and co-workers [74][75]; and the measurement model method developed by Orazem's group [46,73,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Urquidi-Macdonald and co-workers observed that the Kramers-Kronig relations were highly insensitive to nonlinearity [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic analysis based method for linearity assessment and noise quantification in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements: Theoretical formulation and experimental validation for Tafelian systems

Giner-Sanz

Ortega

Pérez-Herranz

2016

Electrochimica Acta

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ElsevierGiner-Sanz, JJ.; Ortega Navarro, EM.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2016). Harmonic analysis based method for linearity assessment and noise quantification in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements: Theoretical formulation and experimental validation for Tafelian systems. Abstract:Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical measurement technique that has been applied to a broad range of applications. Three conditions must be fulfilled in order to obtain valid EIS measurements: causality, linearity and stationarity. The non fulfilment of any of these conditions may lead to distorted and biased EIS spectra. Consequently, the verification of the four fundamental conditions is mandatory before accepting any results extracted from an EIS spectrum. In this work, a harmonic analysis based method for linearity assessment and noise quantification in EIS measurements is presented, and validated both from an experimental point of view and from a theoretical point of view, for Tafelian systems. It was shown that the presented method was able to quantitatively assess the nonlinearity of the system; and to quantify and characterize the noise. Moreover, the presented method is able to determine the threshold frequency of the system above which the system does not present significant nonlinear effects even for very large perturbation amplitudes.

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Practical Applications of the Kramers-Kronig Relations

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications

Application of a Montecarlo based quantitative Kramers-Kronig test for linearity assessment of EIS measurements

Harmonic analysis based method for linearity assessment and noise quantification in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements: Theoretical formulation and experimental validation for Tafelian systems

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