Practical Aspects of X-Ray Diffraction

Suryanarayana, C.; Norton, M. Grant

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0148-4_3

Cited by 236 publications

(304 citation statements)

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“…They are a ¼ 5.2548 Å and c ¼ 11.3785 Å , respectively, very close to the JCPDS database values (a ¼ 5.2425 Å and c ¼ 11.3715 Å ) [8]. The peaks at 2 ¼ 26.5-31.0 were enlarged and normalised and fitted with two Gaussian curves 4 , calculated using the (1 1 2) XRD peak with Scherrer's equation [9][10][11], is 10.88 nmsupports the broadening of the (1 1 2) and (1 0 3) peaks.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

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Synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline calcium tungstate

Phuruangrat

Thongtem

2010

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Calcium tungstate nanocrystalline was successfully synthesised via a microwave irradiation method using Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and Na 2 WO 4 in ethylene glycol, without the requirement of any calcination. The product was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and photoluminescence spectrometry. XRD, SAED and TEM revealed that the product was body-centred tetragonal CaWO 4 with an average particle size of 12 nm. Different oscillation modes were detected by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR. They showed the strong W-O stretching in [WO 4 ] 2À tetrahedrons at 711-933 cm À1 . Photoluminescence (PL) of CaWO 4 nanocrystalline showed the maximum emission peak at 422 nm.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…No impurities were detected in this product. Its lattice parameters were calculated using plane spacing equation for tetragonal structure [9] and Bragg's law for diffraction. They are a ¼ 5.2548 Å and c ¼ 11.3785 Å , respectively, very close to the JCPDS database values (a ¼ 5.2425 Å and c ¼ 11.3715 Å ) [8].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline calcium tungstate

Phuruangrat

Thongtem

2010

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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“…The analysis of these phases in the range between 25 and 30°permitted three peaks corresponding to (002), (020) and (200) plans to be detected. The evolution of the lattice parameters, a, b and c, of this structure between 400 and 700°C, calculated using the equation [15]:…”

Section: Structural Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability of reactive sputtered tungsten oxide coatings

Parreira

Polcar

Cavaleiro

2007

Surface and Coatings Technology

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The 75 , were studied by in-situ X-ray diffraction at elevated temperatures up to 900°C. The coatings were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from a pure tungsten target in an Ar + O 2 atmosphere onto Fecralloy alloy. The evolution of the structure of the coatings was studied in both protective and oxidant atmospheres. Three groups of films were identified: (1) W 25 O 75 which showed structural evolution following the W-O phase diagram; (2) amorphous O-deficient WO 3 whose structure followed the W-O phase diagram either as WO 3 or as its chemical composition depending on annealing in oxidant or protective atmospheres, respectively; and (3) low O-content crystalline films that oxidized from 500°C.

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“…It is well-known that the XRD peaks are related to the crystallites characteristics [17,18]. The broadening of X-ray diffraction in trace "a" as shown in the inset of Fig.1 strongly suggests the nanocrystalline nature of TiO 2 phase in sample TiO 2 nano.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It should be noted, that for the sake of proper calculation, other aspects contributing to the broadening due to strain in the sample and instrumentation were considered [17,18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL WITH CONVENTIONALLY ANNEALED AND POST-HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR OXIDE TiO2 DERIVED FROM SOL-GEL PROCESS

Yuwono¹,

Munir²,

Ferdiansyah³

et al. 2011

MST

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Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the very promising alternative renewable energy sources to anticipate the declination in the fossil fuel reserves in the next few decades and to make use of the abundance of intensive sunlight energy in tropical countries like Indonesia. In the present study, TiO 2 nanoparticles of different nanocrystallinity was synthesized via sol−gel process with various water to inorganic precursor ratio (R w ) of 0.85, 2.00 and 3.50 upon sol preparation, followed with subsequent drying, conventional annealing and post-hydrothermal treatments. The resulting nanoparticles were integrated into the DSSC prototype and sensitized with an organic dye made of the extract of red onion. The basic performance of the fabricated DSSC has been examined and correlated to the crystallite size and band gap energy of TiO 2 nanoparticles. It was found that post-hydrothermally treated TiO 2 nanoparticles derived from sol of 2.00 R w , with the most enhanced nanocrystalline size of 12.46 nm and the lowest band gap energy of 3.48 eV, showed the highest open circuit voltage (V oc ) of 69.33 mV.

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Practical Aspects of X-Ray Diffraction

Cited by 236 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline calcium tungstate

Synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline calcium tungstate

Thermal stability of reactive sputtered tungsten oxide coatings

DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL WITH CONVENTIONALLY ANNEALED AND POST-HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR OXIDE TiO2 DERIVED FROM SOL-GEL PROCESS

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