Practical Challenges in Hybrid Communication Ecosystems Based on ITS-G5 and LTE for CACC and GLOSA

Abstract

In this paper we report the implementation and experimental evaluation of a proposed hybrid communication ecosystem for CCAM applications such as cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) and smart intersections. Three wireless technologies have been suggested for communications between vehicles and intelligent traffic lights and are evaluated in this work: ITS-G5 based on IEEE 802.11p and LTE sidelink with PC5 air interface for direct short range links, and regular mobile LTE with LTE Uu air interface for long range or indirect links. The applications used are independent of the communication channel, to enable a comparison on the application level of the different communication technologies. Field experiments were carried out with two CACC-equipped vehicles and three intelligent traffic lights in two field test locations under ideal, i.e., no-traffic, conditions and with real traffic. Experimental results related to CACC show that the best performance in terms of latency is achieved by the ITS-G5 system, while LTE PC5 and LTE Uu links show a penalty of 20 and 50 ms respectively. However, experimental results show that all three communication technologies were still able to guarantee string stable performance of the vehicle platoon. Regarding the smart intersections, an analysis based on field measurements and comparison between long- and short-range solutions is proposed; the analysis includes the impact of each channel on the applications such as speed advisory and green light prediction. The reported experimental evaluation shows the potential of current mobile technologies for CCAM use cases and highlights the way for further CCAM applications based on 5G and beyond mobile networks.

Multianticipative Adaptive Cruise Control Compared With Connectivity-Enhanced Solutions: Simulation-Based Investigation in Mixed Traffic Platoons

“…Note that, with CACC-PLF, the additional leader might not necessarily be the vehicle immediately adjacent to the first leader. Instead, it can be any CACC-equipped vehicle leader within a communication range of 250 m, which stems from the empirical characterization of the standard for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) ITS-G5 ( 42 ). In the current work, the closest vehicle to the ego-vehicle falling within the mentioned communication range is assumed to be the additional leader.…”

Vehicles Communication and Connectivity Using Persistent Carrier Sensing Multiple Access Protocol

“…In order to provide active safety applications, these systems enable communication between all on-road vehicles and the surrounding environment, as well as with pedestrians and other vehicles. These technologies provide a network of communication that can be used to enhance mobility and environmental effects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”