Practical Considerations for High Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Relay Settings

Subramanian, P. V.; Ajitha, L.

doi:10.1007/s40031-014-0124-x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Highimpedance GD relays are, to some degree, resistant to CT saturation. To use these relays, some prerequisites must be met, such as the same turn ratios and the closely similar saturation characteristics with high knee-point voltage of the CTs [9]. Nowadays, numerical lowimpedance GD relays are widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presenting an Adaptive Restraint Method to Improve Performance of Ground Differential Protection of Power Transformer

Bkhaitawi

Abdoos

Ebadi

2022

IJE

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The ground differential (GD) relay is used to detect internal ground faults on the power transformer windings and terminals. In fact, this relay is employed as a complement to the phase differential (PD) relay. However, its stability is affected by magnetic saturation in current transformers (CTs) cores so that the spurious differential current caused by CT saturation may lead to the relay malfunction. In this paper, by modifying the restraining current definition in a conventional method, an adaptive restrain method is proposed. To evaluate the proposed method performance compared with conventional method, a real 230/63 kV power transformer under a large number of internal fault, external fault and in rush current cases are simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC environment. It is worth noting that Jiles-Atherton (JA) model is utilized to simulate CTs. MATLAB software is used to implement and analyze these methods using obtained simulation. Obtained results show that the proposed method is quite superior to the conventional method, despite its simplicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presenting an Adaptive Restraint Method to Improve Performance of Ground Differential Protection of Power Transformer

Bkhaitawi

Abdoos

Ebadi

2022

IJE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, some methods have been proposed to make this protection scheme stable during inrush current and external faults. The first alternative was a high-impedance REF prtection scheme, but this method needs phase and neutral CTs with exactly the same magnetizing characteristic as well as a high kneepoint voltage [7,8]. Nowadays, numerical lowimpedance REF relays have received more attention because they do not need the rigid CT requirements of the high-impedance type [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%