Practical Considerations for Next-Generation Adjuvant Development and Translation

The growing use of adjuvants in the fast-paced formulation of new vaccines has created an unprecedented need for meaningful analytical assays that deliver reliable quantitative data from complex adjuvant and adjuvant−antigen mixtures. Due to their complex chemical and physical properties, method development for the separation of vaccine adjuvants is considered a highly challenging and laborious task. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is among the most important tests in the (bio)pharmaceutical industry for release and stability indicating measurements including adjuvant content, identity, and purity profile. However, the time constraints of developing "on-demand" robust quantitative methods prior to each change in formulation can easily lead to sample analysis becoming a bottleneck in vaccine development. Herein, a simple and efficient generic analytical framework capable of chromatographically resolving the most commonly used non-aluminum-based adjuvants across academic and industrial sectors is introduced. This was designed to seek a more proactive approach for fast-paced assay development endeavors that evolved from extensive stationary phase screening in conjunction with multifactorial in silico simulations of adjuvant retention time (RT) as a function of gradient time, temperature, organic modifier blending, and buffer concentration. The multifactorial retention models yield 3D resolution maps with excellent baseline separation of all adjuvants in a single run, which was found to be very accurate, with differences between experimental and simulated retention times of less than 1%. The analytical framework described here also includes the introduction of a more versatile approach to method development by introducing a dynamic RT database for adjuvants covering the entire library of adjuvants with broad mechanisms of action across numerous vaccine formulations with excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity. The power of this framework was also demonstrated with numerous analytical assays that can be generated rapidly from simulations guiding vaccine processes in the development of new adjuvant formulations. Analytical assay in this work covers content, purity profile by LC with diode array detector (DAD) and charged aerosol detector (CAD), and component identification by LC with mass spectrometry (MS) across complex vaccine formulations, including the use of surfactants (e.g., polysorbates) as well as their separation from adjuvant targets.

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Allergies to Allergens from Cats and Dogs: A Review and Update on Sources, Pathogenesis, and Strategies

An,

Li,

Tian

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Inhalation allergies caused by cats and dogs can lead to a range of discomforting symptoms, such as rhinitis and asthma, in humans. With the increasing popularity of and care provided to these companion animals, the allergens they produce pose a growing threat to susceptible patients’ health. Allergens from cats and dogs have emerged as significant risk factors for triggering asthma and allergic rhinitis worldwide; however, there remains a lack of systematic measures aimed at assisting individuals in recognizing and preventing allergies caused by these animals. This review provides comprehensive insights into the classification of cat and dog allergens, along with their pathogenic mechanisms. This study also discusses implementation strategies for prevention and control measures, including physical methods, gene-editing technology, and immunological approaches, as well as potential strategies for enhancing allergen immunotherapy combined with immunoinformatics. Finally, it presents future prospects for the prevention and treatment of human allergies caused by cats and dogs. This review will improve knowledge regarding allergies to cats and dogs while providing insights into potential targets for the development of next-generation treatments.

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Practical Considerations for Next-Generation Adjuvant Development and Translation

Cited by 3 publications

References 135 publications

Introduction to vaccines and adjuvants

Introduction to vaccines and adjuvants

Digitally Enabled Generic Analytical Framework Accelerating the Pace of Liquid Chromatography Method Development for Vaccine Adjuvant Formulations

Allergies to Allergens from Cats and Dogs: A Review and Update on Sources, Pathogenesis, and Strategies

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