Practical Design of Lensed Fibers for Semiconductor Laser Packaging Using Laser Welding Technique

Song, Jeong Hwan; Fernando, Harendra N. J.; Roycroft, B.; Corbett, Brian; Peters, Frank

doi:10.1109/jlt.2009.2014252

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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Section: Edge-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Edge-coupling is a well-established approach for the commercial packaging of laser-chips [16], but has not been widely adopted in the field of Si-photonics, despite being able to deliver broadband, polarization-agnostic insertion-losses of better than −1 dB after careful alignment [17]. A typical edge-coupler for a Si-PIC consists of an inverted taper (with a length of 100-300 µm) embedded in an integrated nitride-based spot-size-converter (SSC), or a post-process deposited polymer-based SSC, to increase the effective MFD of the on-PIC waveguide mode to approximately 3 × 3 µm [18,19].…”

Section: Edge-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, laser-welding of the lensed-fiber (mounted in a metallic ferrule) and the PIC to a kovar package is usually necessary to ensure that the small displacements caused by thermal expansion/contraction do not impact the Fiber-to-PIC coupling (kovar is a Fe-Ni-Co alloy designed to have a thermal expansion coefficient that matches the glass in the fiber)-see Figure 3. In addition, this metal-to-metal bond is less prone to the small alignment-drift that sometimes occurs in epoxy-bonds due to age or environmental effects [16]. Clearly, the alignment tolerance and material requirements of current state-of-the-art edge-coupling are too high to credibly satisfy medium-to-high volumes (10 6 -10 7 devices per year).…”

Section: Edge-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic Packaging: Transforming Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits into Photonic Devices

et al. 2016

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Dedicated multi-project wafer (MPW) runs for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) from Si foundries mean that researchers and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) can now afford to design and fabricate Si photonic chips. While these bare Si-PICs are adequate for testing new device and circuit designs on a probe-station, they cannot be developed into prototype devices, or tested outside of the laboratory, without first packaging them into a durable module. Photonic packaging of PICs is significantly more challenging, and currently orders of magnitude more expensive, than electronic packaging, because it calls for robust micron-level alignment of optical components, precise real-time temperature control, and often a high degree of vertical and horizontal electrical integration. Photonic packaging is perhaps the most significant bottleneck in the development of commercially relevant integrated photonic devices. This article describes how the key optical, electrical, and thermal requirements of Si-PIC packaging can be met, and what further progress is needed before industrial scale-up can be achieved.

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Section: Edge-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Edge-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Edge-couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic Packaging: Transforming Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits into Photonic Devices

et al. 2016

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“…1 However, the important advantage of alignment-free and miniature optical design between the fiber and the microlens demands development of a microlens on the fiber tip. For a highly efficient LD, the use of microlensed fibers is very common in practical semiconductor laser packages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of coupling of a laser diode to photonic crystal fiber via hyperbolic microlens on the fiber tip by ABCD matrix formalism

et al. 2015

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A simple and accurate theoretical investigation is presented, based on a novel, effective, and straightforward ABCD matrix technique, in relation to estimation of optimum coupling efficiency between the laser diode and the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hyperbolic microlens (HML) on its tip. By tailoring different parameters, such as the air-filling factor and lattice constant of the PCF, the criteria for achieving maximum coupling are predicted and reported for two different light wavelengths of practical interest. It is observed that such fiber parameters play a crucial role in predicting the optimum focal length of HML for a particular wavelength. The formulation should find application in the design of HML, for achieving a long working distance between the laser source facet and the fiber tip. Downloaded From: http://opticalengineering.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 08/19/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx Somenath Sarkar is currently a professor of the Department of Electronic Science, CU, where he has rendered services since September 1989. He received his MSc degree (physics) from Delhi University and his PhD (physics) from IIT, Delhi, in fiber optics. He carried out investigations successfully through two R&D projects of CSIR and AICTE and one DST-FIST and AICTE MODROB project with colleagues to upgrade teaching and laboratories. He is an associate editor of Advances in Optoelectronics. Optical Engineering 086102-7 August 2015 • Vol. 54(8) Karak et al.: Investigation of coupling of a laser diode to photonic crystal fiber via hyperbolic microlens. . . Downloaded From: http://opticalengineering.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 08/19/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx

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“…For a highly efficient laser, usage of microlensed fibers are very common in practical semiconductor laser packages. 1 However, the advantage of miniature and alignment free optical design between the lens and the fiber, demands the development of microlens on the fiber tip. The advantage of the design of more-compact optical components and modules also makes the fabrication and design of fiber microlens vitally attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of a laser diode to single mode circular core graded index fiber via hyperbolic microlens on the fiber tip and identification of the suitable refractive index profile with consideration for possible misalignments

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Sarkar

2011

Opt. Eng

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With an aim to explore the suitable refractive index profile for maximum coupling, we present a theoretical investigation of coupling optics involving a laser diode and single mode circular core graded index fiber via a hyperbolic microlens on the fiber tip in absence and presence of any possible transverse and angular misalignments. By employing Gaussian field distributions for both the source and the fiber and also ABCD matrix for hyperbolic microlens under paraxial approximation, we formulate analytical expressions for the concerned coupling efficiencies. The investigations are performed for two different light-emitting wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.5 μm for such fibers with different profile exponents in refractive index profile. Further, it is observed that out of the studied refractive index profiles, the triangular index profile having the dispersionshifted merit comes out to be the most suitable profile to couple laser diode to single mode circular core graded index fiber for two wavelengths of practical interest. The analysis should find use in ongoing investigations for optimum launch optics for the design of hyperbolic microlens either directly on the graded index circular core single mode fiber tip or such fiber attached to single mode fiber to achieve a long working distance. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Practical Design of Lensed Fibers for Semiconductor Laser Packaging Using Laser Welding Technique

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Photonic Packaging: Transforming Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits into Photonic Devices

Photonic Packaging: Transforming Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits into Photonic Devices

Investigation of coupling of a laser diode to photonic crystal fiber via hyperbolic microlens on the fiber tip by ABCD matrix formalism

Coupling of a laser diode to single mode circular core graded index fiber via hyperbolic microlens on the fiber tip and identification of the suitable refractive index profile with consideration for possible misalignments

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