Practical ignition limits for low molecular weight alcohols

A detailed chemical kinetic model for high temperature ethanol oxidation

“…The numerical results show OH 4 Products a branching ratio value for K /K ϭ They found the measured rate constant for the reaction of 18 OH radical with ethanol is ca. 18% higher than that measured for the 16 values to the high temperature condition are considered to be reliable.…”

“…These modeling efforts focused on problems of ethanol ignition delay from shock tubes [2,3,4,7], ethanol laminar flame speeds in burners [4,7], and product profiles from ethanol pyrolysis and oxidation studies in static [5], turbulent flow [4,6], and jet-stirred reactors [7]. Additional evidence of mechanistic features important to describing ethanol reaction kinetics from static [8 -11] and flow reactors [12 -14], and information on autoignition characteristics in a rapid compression machine [15] and combustion bomb [16], pressure, tem-perature, and mixture strength effects on flame propagation rates [17] or modes of formation of soot in diffusion flames [18,19] have proven to be useful for ethanol model development. These experimental works have been previously summarized [6] and no further elaboration will be presented.…”

Flammability limits: A review with emphasis on ethanol for aeronautical applications and description of the experimental procedure

“…Naegeli and Weatherford [13] studied the flammability hazard of storing pure alcohol and diesel fuel/alcohol blends in fuel tanks. The authors measured the ignition limit for the C 1 through C 4 alcohols and alkanes, ethylene, isooctane and methylal in a combustion pump using an automotive-type spark plug as an ignition source.…”

“…On the other hand, for ethanol LFL is 4.4 mol% and UFL is 14.3 mol%. All these data were for 0.97 atm and at a temperature of 364 K [13]. Table 1 Flammability limits for some fuels in air, at atmospheric pressure and 298 K, vol% [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Combustion Characterization of Methylal in Reciprocating Engines

“…However, the ignition chemistry of methylal is quite different from other oxygenates. In a previous study of the flammability limits of alcohols and ethers, Naegeli and Weatherford, Jr. (1989) observed that methylal has a relatively low autoignition temperature. Methylal's autoignition temperature of 237°C (NFPA 1977), is low compared with 385°C for methanol; therefore, it is expected to have a much higher cetane number than methanol.…”