Practical management plan for invasive mosquito species in Europe: I. Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)

Bellini, Romeo; Michaelakis, Αntonios; Petrić, Dušan; Schaffner, Francis; Alten, Bülent; Angelini, Paola; Aranda, Carles; Becker, Norbert; Carrieri, Marco; Luca, Marco Di; Fălcuță, Elena; Flacio, Eleonora; Klobučar, Ana; Lagneau, Christophe; Merdić, Enrih; Mikov, Ognyan; Pajović, I.; Papachristos, Dimitrios; Sousa, Carla A.; Stroo, Arjan; Toma, Luciano; Vasquez, Marlen I.; Velo, Enkelejda; Venturelli, Chiara; Zgomba, Marija

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101691

Cited by 65 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…albopictus is also ongoing on La Réunion island [20,21] and in Mauritius [22]. Moreover, the invasion of Europe by this species has triggered the development of a vector control management plan [23], and several countries, including Albania, Greece, Germany, Montenegro, and Spain, have initiated pilot trial releases of sterile males against Ae. albopictus recently [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a Novel Adult Mass-Rearing Cage for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles arabiensis (Patton)

Maïga

Mamaï

Somda

et al. 2020

Insects

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Successful implementation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against Aedes albopictus and Anopheles arabiensis relies on a continuous supply of sterile males. To meet this requirement, optimization of the mass-rearing techniques is needed. This study, therefore, aims to assess a new mass-rearing cage (MRC) in terms of egg production efficiency and egg hatch rate (quality). In addition, adult survival was evaluated based on a cage adult-index for Ae. albopictus. Moreover, the cage’s suitability for use in mass An. arabiensis egg production was compared to that of the FAO/IAEA Anopheles reference cage. In Ae. albopictus rearing, the new MRC produced 1,112,110 eggs per cage following six blood meals, with minimum loss of eggs in the egging water. Furthermore, the adult index gave a good proxy of daily mortality rates in Ae. albopictus. In An. arabiensis rearing, about 130,000 eggs per egg batch were collected both from the new and the reference MRC. These findings suggest that the new MRC prototype is efficient in terms of egg production and can be used for mass-rearing in SIT programs targeting Ae. albopictus as well as An. arabiensis. The adult index was also positively validated for the detection of unusual mortality rates in Ae. albopictus mass-rearing facilities. Overall, the new MRC has shown several advantages; however, further improvements are necessary to minimize escapes during the egg collection processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a Novel Adult Mass-Rearing Cage for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles arabiensis (Patton)

Maïga

Mamaï

Somda

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…albopictus. The importance of DtD interventions is also highlighted in the practical management plan developed by LIFE CONOPS/COST [39]. The results during the intervention in Ludwigshafen are convincing taking into account that the container index was always below 4% when all mosquito species and less than 1% when only Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Model-Like Implementation of Integrated Control Strategies Targeting Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) In Southwest Germany With Special Consideration of the Sterile Insect Technique

Becker

Langentepe-Kong

Tokatlian³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundIn recent years the invasive species Aedes albopictus, known as the Asian tiger mosquito, has undergone an extreme expansion by steady introductions as blind passengers in vehicles from the Mediterranean to South-West Germany. Nowadays, more than 15 established populations are known in the State of Baden-Württemberg and Palatine (South-West Germany) which locally constitute a significant nuisance and public health threat. Therefore, the species deserves special attention as vector of several arboviruses like dengue, Chikungunya or Zika virus. As a consequence, immediate surveillance and control activities against Aedes albopictus have been implemented in the infested areas under the auspice of health departments and regulatory offices. MethodsThe control strategy comprises 3 columns: a) community participation (CP) based on detailed information for the elimination and sanitation of breeding sites as well as the use of fizzy Bti-tablets containing the pro-toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti); b) Door-to-Door (DtD) activities by trained staff including the application of Bti (Vectobac WG) at high dosages to achieve a sustained killing effect of the mosquito larvae; and c) the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to almost wipe out or eliminate the remaining Aedes albopictus population after intensive Bti-applications. In the laboratory and in semi-field tests, the different elements of the control strategy are evaluated and the efficacy of the integrated control strategy is assessed in routine treatments in the cities of Ludwigshafen (Palatine) and Freiburg (Baden-Württemberg) with special emphasis on the release of sterile Aedes/males. ResultsFollowing our information campaigns, more than 60% of the residents were practicing CP focusing on environmental sanitation and the use of fizzy Bti tablets. Although CP is an essential element of the integrated control strategy, it was shown that the strongest asset in our programme was the DtD activity and the application of a water suspension of Vectobac WG (2700 ITU/mg) to all potential breeding sites at dosages of 10g/rainwater container and 2.5g/smaller container which provided an effect for more than a month. The mean time for the inspection and treatment of a property was 27 minutes. As a result of the larval source management, the container index for Aedes albopictus achieved no more than 0.5% in Ludwigshafen. The mean number of Aedes eggs/ovitrap in Ludwigshafen was 4,3 and in Freiburg -Metzgergrün (SIT area) 18.23 and Freiburg-Gartenstadt-Freiburg (Control area) 22,4 eggs/trap. After the strong reduction of the Aedes population by Bti-application, the weekly release of 1013 (Ludwigshafen) and 2320 (Freiburg) sterile Aedes albopictus males/ha from May until October resulted in an overall sterility by egg counts 82.61% ( (Ø60.52±42.88%) in Ludwigshafen and 62.68±28.21% in Freiburg compared to a natural sterility of 16.93±13.5% in the SIT untreated area. The field results are proven by the data achieved in cage tests in the laboratory. The mating of wild females with sterile males showed sterility rates of 87.53±9.15% whereas the sterility of eggs laid by females mated with unirradiated males was only 3.3±2.8%. The most effective ratio of wild to sterile males is 1:5. The overall sterility of about 83% in Ludwigshafen indicates that our goal to almost eradicate the Aedes albopictus population could be achieved. The hydrogen-peroxide bleaching technique allowed a quick assessment of embryogenesis. ConclusionsIn this study, we clearly prove that an integrated control program based on a strict monitoring scheme is most effective when it comprises three columns, namely a) community participation, b) DtD activities including long-lasting Bti-larviciding of all possible breeding sites to strongly reduce the wild Aedes albopictus population as a basis for the successful application of SIT, and c) SIT to almost wipe out the Aedes albopictus population. The combination of Bti and SIT guarantees that two of the most selective, save and effective tools are employed against one of the most dangerous mosquito vector species Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito.

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“…Preventive interventions based on the conservation of green spaces, human awareness, and the usage of biological larviciding products are increasingly recommended over control strategies that have a greater environmental impact (e.g., insecticide spraying), particularly for the control of Ae. albopictus [32]. Indeed, vector control strategies need to address the challenge of not altering natural processes, leaving a small environmental footprint, and avoiding the development of resistance to insecticides [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, vector control strategies need to address the challenge of not altering natural processes, leaving a small environmental footprint, and avoiding the development of resistance to insecticides [33]. In the present times, when the harmonization of surveillance and control interventions and the sharing of expertise are advocated all over Europe [32,34], these results suggest that tailored surveillance should account for small-scale spatial heterogeneity and include areas exposed to pathogens introduced by non-human sources. In particular, the implementation of a wide-scale low density trap network could be useful for the surveillance of invasive mosquito species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Aedes Albopictus and Culex Pipiens along an Urban-Natural Gradient in the Ventotene Island, Italy

Manica

Riello

Scagnolari

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The distribution of mosquitos and their corresponding hosts is critical in public health to determine the risk of transmission for vector-borne diseases. In this pilot study conducted in the small Mediterranean island of Ventotene, a known stopover site for migratory birds, the spatio-temporal distribution of two major mosquito vectors is analyzed from the natural to urban environment. The results show that Aedes albopictus aggregates mostly near areas with a human presence and the urban landscape, while Culex pipiens is more spatio-temporally spread, as it can also be found in wilder and less anthropized areas where the availability of human hosts is limited. Culex pipiens is also active earlier in the year. From a microgeographical perspective, our results confirm the anthropophilic spatial distribution of Ae. Albopictus, while suggesting that the circulation of bird zoonosis, such as West Nile, could be favored by the Cx. pipiens distribution. The results highlight the different ecology of the vectors and the interplay with their hosts, even at a small scale. The current evidence may help in forecasting the risk of pathogen transmission and surveillance planning.

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Practical management plan for invasive mosquito species in Europe: I. Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of a Novel Adult Mass-Rearing Cage for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles arabiensis (Patton)

Assessment of a Novel Adult Mass-Rearing Cage for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles arabiensis (Patton)

Model-Like Implementation of Integrated Control Strategies Targeting Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) In Southwest Germany With Special Consideration of the Sterile Insect Technique

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Aedes Albopictus and Culex Pipiens along an Urban-Natural Gradient in the Ventotene Island, Italy

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