Practice‐Based Research: Lessons from Community Pharmacist Participants

Simpson, Scot H.; Johnson, Jeffrey; Biggs, Catherine M.; Biggs, Rosemarie S.; Kuntz, Arlene; Semchuk, William; Taylor, Jeff; Farris, Karen B.; Tsuyuki, Ross T.

doi:10.1592/phco.21.7.731.34570

Cited by 50 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Simpson et al reported that time was the greatest barrier to participation of pharmacy practice-based research in Canada [6]. In a systematic review of 15 studies completed in the UK, Australia, and Canada, the barriers were: lack of time and workload; insufficient or lack of funds; and lack of research knowledge, training, mentorship, and support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

Sawada¹,

Takehira²,

Yamamura³

2015

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Objectives: This study identified barriers to Japanese community pharmacists' active conduct or participation in practice research. Methods: Community pharmacists (n = 478) who gave presentations at three major pharmacy-related conferences in 2012 and 2013 were questioned about their difficulties of giving presentations, support for better presentations, and barriers to conducting pharmacy practice research in their practical setting. A questionnaire was mailed to and returned by the pharmacists directly. Results: We obtained 230 responses (47.9%). Presentation difficulties included pharmacists' time constraints and lack of experience organizing the report's results or discussion. Many thought statistical analysis support was necessary. The barriers were in sufficient time, community pharmacies' lack of research supervisors, and other community pharmacists' lack of understanding practice research's importance. These were comparable to pharmacists' barriers in other countries, except for money and funds. Conclusions: Japanese community pharmacists should clarify that practice research in their professional roles improves patients' outcomes. Barriers were similar to pharmacists in other countries. Publication of pharmacists' practice research results is important to expand their roles. Collaboration between faculties and pharmacists is a challenge for practice research development in the Japanese community setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been reported that there are some barriers for pharmacists to engage in practice research [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

Sawada¹,

Takehira²,

Yamamura³

2015

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“…One of the study limitations is the opportunistic recruitment of patients in the community pharmacy affecting the generalisability of the sample. This has been reported as a limitation in other studies of the same design [33]. It may be attributed to pharmacists' inexperience and initial hesitation with informed consent and enrollment procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It may be attributed to pharmacists' inexperience and initial hesitation with informed consent and enrollment procedures. Simpson et al (2001) reported that patients were sometimes surprised when approached by their pharmacist for participation in a ''research study'' [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost effectiveness of a telephone-based pharmacy advisory service to improve adherence to newly prescribed medicines

et al. 2007

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“…Studies during this period indicated increased awareness and positive attitude towards research among pharmacists, mostly in the community setting (Rosenbloom et al 2000;Simpson et al 2001;Saini et al 2006;Armour et al 2007;Peterson et al 2009). Future development of community pharmacy practice and new practice models could be among the motivational factors for this trend.…”

Section: -2009mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacists’ Attitudes Towards Pharmacy Practice Research: A Review

Awaisu

Kheir

Alsalimy

et al. 2015

Pharmacy Practice Research Methods

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Despite an increase in pharmacy practice research, literature addressing the attitudes and involvement of pharmacists is limited. Our own observations as pharmacy practitioners and educators lead us to believe that, so far, pharmacists are reluctant to participate in research at any level and indicate some barriers to research. In this chapter, we review the literature and gauge the views and attitudes of pharmacists with regard to their involvement in research. We also identify the barriers as well as outline the enablers to conducting such research. The chapter highlights pharmacists' attitudes and trends towards pharmacy practice research over the past three decades. We mainly utilised MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Google Scholar to identify published studies surrounding this issue. Evolution of Pharmacy Practice as a Catalyst for ResearchThe pharmacy profession has undergone tremendous changes, and the scope of pharmacy professional practice has expanded in the past few decades (Bond 2006;Holland and Nimmo 1999;Van Mil and Fernandez-Llimos 2013). This is further supported by the evolution of the concept and practice of pharmaceutical care in the 1990s (Hepler and Strand 1990;Holland and Nimmo 1999;Penna 1990 and patients' increased demands, preferences and expectations. The changing roles for pharmacy are also attributed to the ease with which the public accesses pharmacy services as well as changes in pharmacy curricula that led to increased expertise in therapeutics. Why Be Interested in Pharmacists' Attitudes Towards Practice-Based Research?According to the Canadian Pharmacists Association, "pharmacy practice research" is defined as a component of health services research that focuses on the assessment and evaluation of pharmacy practice (Bakker 1996). The new roles for pharmacists evolve in parallel with evidence-based practice, which is a new paradigm in health services delivery (Sackett et al. 1996). As new professional services and practices evolve, there is a need to demonstrate evidence of their benefit and costeffectiveness (Bond 2006;Kritikos et al. 2013; Roberts and Kennington 2010b, c;Schommer et al. 2010;Anderson et al. 2008). Some US-based studies have reviewed the literature on the evidence of benefit of clinical pharmacy services (Hatoum and Akhras 1993;Hatoum et al. 1986;Schumock et al. 1996Schumock et al. , 2003. However, often local evidence is needed that could demonstrate the need for a new service or different method of service delivery (Bond 2006;Peterson et al. 2009; Roberts and Kennington 2010a, b, c) and reluctance among pharmacists for participating in such research-based activities. Understanding pharmacists' attitudes and perception about practice-based research is critical in developing a critical mass of pharmacy professionals who are actively involved in advancing practice through high-quality research and innovation. It is also instrumental in raising awareness, cultivating a culture change, inculcating a positive attitude and strengthening rese...

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Practice‐Based Research: Lessons from Community Pharmacist Participants

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

The cost effectiveness of a telephone-based pharmacy advisory service to improve adherence to newly prescribed medicines

Pharmacists’ Attitudes Towards Pharmacy Practice Research: A Review

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