Practice Effect and Test-Retest Reliability of Attentional and Executive Tests in Middle-Aged to Elderly Subjects

Lemay, Sylvain; Bédard, Marc-André; Rouleau, Isabelle; Tremblay, Pierre

doi:10.1080/13854040490501718

Cited by 160 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…There was a significant effect of treatment, independent of type (before treatment: 5.1 ± 5.1 words, after treatment: 6.5 ± 5.6 words, paired t = 2.55, p = 0.02), apparently related to practice (Figure 1). This is similar in magnitude to the practice effect observed in normal control subjects given repeated administrations of a verbal fluency task (Lemay et al, 2004). There was no significant effect of treatment on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

No effect of DC brain polarization on verbal fluency in patients with advanced frontotemporal dementia

Huey

Probasco

Moll

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Direct Current (DC) brain polarization can alter the activity of cortical neurons and the excitability of the human cortex . We recently reported that surface-anodal DC current applied to the left prefrontal area enhances verbal fluency in healthy subjects (Iyer et al., 2005). Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprises a set of disorders affecting the frontal and/or the anterior temporal lobes of the brain that present with behavioral and cognitive symptoms (Lund/Manchester, 1994), including impaired verbal fluency (the ability to generate words within a specific category) (Perri et al., 2005), which depends substantially on prefrontal cortex function (Stuss et al., 1998). To date, no effective treatment for the cognitive deficits in FTD has been found (Huey et al., 2006). Using letter-cued verbal fluency as the primary therapeutic outcome, we undertook a double-blinded, controlled trial of DC polarization in FTD.The 10 patients were clinically diagnosed with FTD by published criteria (Lund/Manchester, 1994). Nine had predominantly behavioral, and one language, symptoms. At initial evaluation, the patients had a mean age of 61.3 years (range 46 to 80 years), a mean duration of illness of 3.4 years (range 1.2 to 6 years), and a mean total Mattis Dementia Rating Scale 2 of 109.3 points (range 45 to 131). The patients were taking the following CNS-active medications: Cholinesterase-inhibitors (6 patients), memantine (5 patients), antidepressants (2 patients), atypical antipsychotic medications (2 patients), benzodiazepines (1 patient). We applied 2 mA current through 25 cm 2 electrodes (80 μC/cm 2 ) for 40 min in the patients. As in our pilot study in healthy subjects (Iyer et al., 2005), the anode was placed at the F3 International 10-20 electrode position and the cathode over the right supraorbital area. The current was delivered by a Phoresor ® II Auto Model PM850 iontophoresis device. In a double-blind, sham-controlled design each patient received separate sessions of active and sham treatment in a randomized and counterbalanced order. In the active condition, the current (2 mA) was delivered for 20 min before and 20 min after the start of testing (40 min). In the sham condition, the device

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supporting

confidence: 77%

No effect of DC brain polarization on verbal fluency in patients with advanced frontotemporal dementia

Huey

Probasco

Moll

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Previous studies have indicated that in the elderly, improvement may occur at short time intervals especially between the first and the second assessment [38]. In this study, the tests were repeated at yearly intervals in four different evaluations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease – The LADIS Study

Jokinen¹,

Kalska²,

Ylikoski³

et al. 2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

171

123

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Background: Cross-sectional studies have indicated that subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD), as defined according to imaging criteria, is associated with a specific clinical and cognitive profile. Much less is known about the long-term cognitive consequences of SIVD. The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal cognitive performance and incident dementia in subjects with and without SIVD in a sample of older adults with white matter lesions. Methods: In the Leukoaraiosis and Disability (LADIS) study, 639 participants were examined with annual clinical and neuropsychological evaluations for 3 years. The subjects meeting the MRI criteria of SIVD at baseline were compared to the other subjects of the sample with linear mixed models. Results: The overall level of cognitive performance over the follow-up period was inferior in multiple cognitive domains in SIVD subjects as compared to the reference group. The subjects with SIVD presented significantly steeper decline of performance in the Stroop test (parts I and II), Trail Making A test, Verbal fluency test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. They also had a threefold risk of developing dementia during follow-up independently of age, sex, education and medial temporal lobe atrophy. Conclusions: SIVD, as a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, is related to progressive cognitive impairment and a considerable risk of developing dementia. SIVD seems to specifically contribute to the deterioration of psychomotor speed, executive control, and global cognitive function.

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“…33,34 At least several of the tests used in our battery (i.e., Trail's test, Finger Tapping test, Digit Span forward, Reaction time) have been reported to lack significant practice effects. 35 To minimize potential practice effects in the current study, tests with alternate forms were selected whenever possible (e.g., 4 forms of the Selective reminding test) and the tests were administered in a predetermined order.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive function does not worsen during pegylated interferon and ribavirin retreatment of chronic hepatitis C†‡

et al. 2007

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Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin can cause or exacerbate depression but its effects on cognitive function are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin adversely impacts cognitive function in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Prior nonresponders to interferon were retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 24 (n ‫؍‬ 177) or 48 weeks (n ‫؍‬ 57) in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis trial. Cognitive function was prospectively assessed using a battery of 10 standardized neuropsychological tests at weeks 0, 24, 48, and 72. Cognitive impairment was defined based upon a global deficit score. The Beck Depression Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory were used to assess mood status. The 57 subjects who completed 48 weeks of antiviral therapy reported significant increases in difficulty concentrating, emotional distress, and symptoms of depression, all of which improved after cessation of therapy [P < 0.0001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Nonetheless, the frequency of cognitive impairment did not increase during the first 24 weeks of treatment in 177 patients (34% versus 32%, P ‫؍‬ 0.64) nor in the 57 patients completing 48 weeks of treatment (P ‫؍‬ 0.48, ANOVA). Conclusion: Retreatment of prior non-responders with peginterferon and ribavirin was not associated with objective evidence of cognitive impairment as measured by a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. The lack of cognitive impairment is reassuring and suggests that self-reported symptoms of cognitive dysfunction are more likely related to the systemic and psychiatric side effects of antiviral treatment rather than measurable changes in cognition.

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Practice Effect and Test-Retest Reliability of Attentional and Executive Tests in Middle-Aged to Elderly Subjects

Cited by 160 publications

References 72 publications

No effect of DC brain polarization on verbal fluency in patients with advanced frontotemporal dementia

No effect of DC brain polarization on verbal fluency in patients with advanced frontotemporal dementia

Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease – The LADIS Study

Cognitive function does not worsen during pegylated interferon and ribavirin retreatment of chronic hepatitis C†‡

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