Practice of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 and reduction of the risk of influenza-like illness: a cross-sectional population-based study

Issa, Ola; Kanso, Maysaloun; Youssef, Janet; Abou-Abbas, Linda; Abboud, Edmond

doi:10.1186/s40545-022-00450-y

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…At the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions such as masking, physical distancing, and hand hygiene were the only ways to deter the infection (19)(20)(21). Vaccines, as a mock infection to coach the immune system to defend against the natural infection, were developed at an unprecedented speed and the Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna COVID-19 vaccines were emergently authorized within a year in 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relatively preserved functional immune capacity with standard COVID-19 vaccine regimen in people living with HIV

Hung,

Hsiao,

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of severe disease with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. COVID-19 vaccines are effective in most PLWH. However, suboptimal immune responses to the standard two-shot regimen are a concern, especially for those with moderate to severe immunodeficiency. An additional dose is recommended as part of the extended primary series in Taiwan. Herein, we study the efficacy of this additional shot in PLWH with mild immunodeficiency compared to that in healthy non-HIV people.MethodsIn total, 72 PLWH that were asymptomatic or with mild immunodeficiency (CD4 counts ≥200/mm3) and suppressed virology, and 362 healthcare workers of our hospital were enrolled. None of the participants had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. They received mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1 vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and anti-Spike IgG antibodies, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were evaluated.ResultsThe standard two-shot regimen elicited lower responses in PLWH than the healthcare workers without HIV infection, although the difference was statistically insignificant. They had comparable levels of neutralizing and anti-Spike antibodies and comparable effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. The third shot boosted the SARS-CoV-2 immunity significantly more with better antibody responses and higher IFN-γ and IL-2 responses of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PLWH compared to those without HIV. Upon in vitro stimulation with extracted Wuhan strain SARS-CoV-2 proteins, CD8+ T cells from PLWH after 3 shots had more durable effector responses than the non-HIV controls with extended time of stimulation.ConclusionThis subtle difference between PLWH and non-HIV people implied immune exhaustion with two shots in non-HIV people. Slightly compromised immunity in PLWH indeed preserved the functional capacity for further response to the third shot or natural infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relatively preserved functional immune capacity with standard COVID-19 vaccine regimen in people living with HIV

Hung,

Hsiao,

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Although the quantity of literature on COVID-19 in prison offers hope that the spread of infectious diseases in jails and prisons will continue to receive more attention, the dearth of literature on influenza should serve as a warning of how easily incarcerated and detained people are forgotten when an emergency no longer accentuates the dire nature of infectious diseases in detention facilities. Given similar pathways of transmission between the two viruses, COVID-19 mitigation interventions in jails and prisons can likely be applied to stop the spread of influenza and other respiratory viruses with similar positive results (Huang et al, 2021; Solomon et al, 2020; Youssef et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Influenza Infection Prevention and Control Measures in U.S. Jails, Prisons, and Detention Centers: A Scoping Review

Westgard,

Ngassa,

Grussing

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundPeople who are incarcerated or detained are at a high risk of infection and death due to viruses spread through droplets, including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and influenza. Increased risk is largely associated with structural and institutional conditions of detainment, including but not limited to congregate settings, poor ventilation, and barriers to accessing care. The lessons learned from managing previous infectious outbreaks can inform preventative measures for future emerging outbreaks.AimsOur project aims to analyze infection prevention and control measures for COVID-19 and influenza in U.S. correctional facilities.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Embase databases for manuscripts evaluating the effectiveness of influenza or COVID-19 mitigation measures. Then, we reviewed the reference lists from our results to identify manuscripts not captured by the initial search.ResultsOut of the 553 articles initially found, only 28 met the inclusion criteria, with 27 focusing on COVID-19. Two additional studies were added after reviewing reference lists. Effective measures to prevent the spread of both infections included vaccines, testing, de-densification, limiting movement, masks, and contact tracing.ConclusionImproved infrastructure, stakeholder collaboration, and research on sustainable responses are needed to address disproportionate impacts on people who are incarcerated or detained.

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“… 1–3 Evidence from several countries has shown that these measures could be effective in reducing the incidence and prevalence of COVID-19. 4–6 However, it was quickly realized that sustaining NPIs for extended periods of time is practically impossible to achieve and is associated with dire consequences on the economy, education systems, and mental health. 7 , 8 Mass public vaccination was thus considered the most effective strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic and was later recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted by the majority of countries worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The attitude and knowledge of pediatricians and family physicians toward COVID-19 vaccination in children: A cross-sectional study

Alfaqih,

Ababneh,

Almansi

et al. 2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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COVID-19 vaccines to children are expected to reduce the transmission of the disease to high-risk groups and achieve herd immunity in younger populations. A positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination in children among healthcare workers (HCWs) is predicted to reduce parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate their children. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of pediatricians and family physicians toward COVID-19 vaccination in children. A total of 112 pediatricians and 96 family physicians (specialists and residents) were interviewed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and perceived safety of COVID-19 vaccines for children. Physicians willing to receive regular COVID-19 vaccination (analogous to the influenza vaccine) had significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores ( P < .05). Multivariate analysis indicated that a higher knowledge score and having at least five years of experience as a specialist were significantly associated with a positive attitude among pediatricians or family physicians ( P < .05). Pfizer/BioNTech was the preferred COVID-19 vaccine in children among physicians of both groups (>67%). Around 71% of physicians believed COVID-19 vaccines for children do not cause or worsen any health condition. Educational and training programs that increase the knowledge of physicians about COVID-19 vaccines and their safety in children are recommended to inform a more positive attitude.

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Practice of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 and reduction of the risk of influenza-like illness: a cross-sectional population-based study

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Relatively preserved functional immune capacity with standard COVID-19 vaccine regimen in people living with HIV

Relatively preserved functional immune capacity with standard COVID-19 vaccine regimen in people living with HIV

COVID-19 and Influenza Infection Prevention and Control Measures in U.S. Jails, Prisons, and Detention Centers: A Scoping Review

The attitude and knowledge of pediatricians and family physicians toward COVID-19 vaccination in children: A cross-sectional study

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