Pragmatic functions of repetitions in spontaneous spoken dialect discourse

Abstract

Repetition is a natural phenomenon employed to perform a variety of cognitive, psychological, interactional, stylistic, didactic and pragmatic functions in spoken and written discourse. Adopting the method of discourse analysis, the study attempts to explore the pragmatic functions of repetitions as used in spoken dialect narrative discourse. On a propositional level, only those repetitions which establish and maintain co-reference are necessary, all other forms seem to be redundant. However, if we take into account their pragmatic functions, they are not, as the data gathered in the study show. In fact, speakers use them, deliberately or not, as an effective communication strategy in the following functions: to extend the planning time to find a suitable lexeme, to enhance the importance of a lexeme, to emphasize the length of an event, after an interruption, to eliminate uncertainty and to confirm the correctness of the co-speaker’s statement. They also reveal the speakers emotions, like his/her emotional shock, and are used as a part of the so-called conversational duet. The data include the transcripts of the interviews with 6 dialect speakers in the Brda/Collio region, western Slovenia.

Analysis of Discourse Markers Used by Students of English Department of UKI Toraja in Oral English

“…The sentences that contain the discourse markers in the type of discourse markers showing attitude can be seen in the sentence uttered by student 6. He said "…honestly I lost understanding a material during online class than offline class…" [13] we also can see this in the sentence said by student 10 "…I think I understand about the material was given by lecturers …" and by the student 11"…I think it will be more better if we use that…" In this situation "honestly" explains that the student is being truthful about what they're saying, or confident in the truth about what he said. "I think" in that situation explains that he has his own thoughts about two things which he makes his personal opinion.…”

Maksim Perbualan dan Elemen Pendidikan dalam Podcast #NOTAPIS

“…dalam PB2IYU13 yang menandakan kehairanan dalam konteks ini. Pelanggaran MPK dalam konteks ini mempunyai fungsi pragmatik penegasan maklumat dan menghapuskan ketidakpastian (Kumar, 2019). E dalam ujaran yang sama kemudiannya menghubungkan maklumat yang disampaikan dengan kekeliruan anggota masyarakat dengan sejenis ubat, iaitu antibiotik.…”

“…Perulangan ini dirujuk sebagai unsur lewah dan bertujuan penegasan dan pengesahan maklumat. Menurut Kumar (2019) pengesahan maklumat merupakan antara fungsi pragmatik perulangan dalam tuturan spontan dan dalam konteks ini, E mengesahkan maklumat yang dinyatakan oleh hos dalam PB2IYU15 dan PB2IYU16.…”

“…Tindakan ini merupakan pelanggaran MPK, iaitu kelewahan maklumat berlaku. Perulangan ini menurut Kumar (2019) bertujuan penegasan dan pengesahan maklumat. Sementara itu, kepatuhan keempat-empat MP dalam PB3IEU18 diperlihatkan melalui E menyatakan bahawa penyakit ini tidak ada ubatnya dan kesembuhannya bergantung kepada daya ketahanan tubuh manusia.…”

“…Ketidakpatuhan MP yang berlaku, iaitu perulangan maklumat dianggap satu keperluan bertujuan mempertegas maklumat yang disampaikan (Kumar, 2019) dan ini juga kerap berlaku dalam proses PdP. Perulangan maklumat juga bertujuan menambah jelas maklumat (Zahid, 2020).…”