Pragmatics Insights of Pakistani English: An analysis of Congratulatory Acts and Apology Responses

Abstract

Introduction: This study delves into linguistic aspects among Pakistani English-speaking students, focusing on their perspectives regarding expressions of congratulations and apologies. It aims to elucidate the influence of cultural, individual, and gender-specific factors on these expressions within the Pakistani context. Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed to gather viewpoints from Pakistani English-speaking students regarding congratulations and apologies. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed thematically to identify recurring themes and patterns. Results/Findings: The findings underscore the cultural significance of accountability, empathy, and sincerity in apologies among Pakistani English-speaking students. Gender differences were observed, with female students placing more emphasis on timing and interpersonal relationships in receiving apologies, while male students tended to respond in a straightforward manner. Additionally, male students occasionally exhibited unprofessional responses in congratulatory situations, though both genders recognized the importance of cultural expressions. Implication/Future Direction: Understanding and respecting these cultural and gender-specific differences are crucial for effective communication among English-speaking Pakistani students. Future research could explore strategies for enhancing cross-cultural communication skills and promoting mutual understanding in diverse linguistic contexts.

Stylistics Analysis of Heart of Darkness: A Study of Irony, Stream of Consciousness, and Metaphor

“…The modernist literary movement saw him as an outstanding writer who was instrumental in the production of political fiction and psychological fiction. Because of the role he had in the creation of the book as a duplicate of reality, he is regarded as a prominent and prominent character among modernist literary luminaries (Rehmat, Ahmed, & Maqbool, 2024).…”