Pramipexole nanocrystals for transdermal permeation: Characterization and its enhancement micro-mechanism

High-Payload Nanosuspension of Centella asiatica Extract for Improved Skin Delivery with No Irritation

“…In a previous report, nanocrystals with a size range of 200–400 nm enhanced permeability across the skin and mucosal membranes by enhancing the saturation solubility and consequently, facilitated dissolution rate with reduced diffusional distance. 54 , 55 Nanocrystals below 500 nm in size penetrate the skin through the hair follicles and are subsequently absorbed by the surrounding follicular epithelium. 31 Moreover, nanocrystals with an appropriate size (approximately 700 nm) can deposit into follicles and appendages, which act as a reservoir continuously delivering the therapeutic agent to the surrounding tissues.…”

“…In a previous report, nanocrystals with a size range of 200-400 nm enhanced permeability across the skin and mucosal membranes by enhancing the saturation solubility and consequently, facilitated dissolution rate with reduced diffusional distance. 54,55 Nanocrystals below 500 nm in size penetrate the skin through the hair follicles and are…”

Montelukast Nanocrystals for Transdermal Delivery with Improved Chemical Stability

“…The particle size analysis also revealed that MTK nanocrystals with median diameter of 102.3 nm were effectively prepared with PDI value < 0.3 ( Table 2). The particle size of novel nanocrystal system was supposed to be appropriate for transdermal delivery [23,39,40]. In a previous report, nanocrystals with a size range of 200-400 nm offered enhanced permeability across the skin and mucosal membranes by providing an enhancement in the saturation solubility, and consequently, facilitated dissolution rate with reduced diffusional distance [39,40].…”

“…The particle size of novel nanocrystal system was supposed to be appropriate for transdermal delivery [23,39,40]. In a previous report, nanocrystals with a size range of 200-400 nm offered enhanced permeability across the skin and mucosal membranes by providing an enhancement in the saturation solubility, and consequently, facilitated dissolution rate with reduced diffusional distance [39,40]. Moreover, nanocrystals with an appropriate size (approximately 700 nm) can deposit into these shunts, which act as a depot from which the drug can diffuse into the surrounding cells for extended release [23].…”

Optimization and evaluation of cyclosporine A nanosuspension stabilized by combination stabilizers using high pressure homogenization method

“…In the top down production, while the particles of the large drug molecules are reduced to nano sizes by using media milling, microfluidization, and high pressure homogenization while the bottom up production achieves the nanoscale particle size by nanoprecipitation using the molecule dissolved in the organic solvent [9,10]. There are many publications about microfluidization [11,12,13], high pressure homogenization [14,15,16], media milling [17,18,19,20,21,22] and precipitation [23,24,25,26]. Due to numerous advantages of top down production methods, such as using of minimum of organic solvent and solvent residues, higher drug capacity (approximately 100%), stability of formulation, they are considered as the first alternative of nanosuspension formulation and therefore there are many studies on the combined use of these top down technologies in publications [27,28,29].…”