The effect of the anionic shape-and size-controller on the morphology and size of Nd 2 O 3 prepared by new simple approach was studied. Nanostructured Nd 2 O 3 was synthesized by heat treatment in air at 900 °C for 5 h., employing powder, which was prepared by a solventfree solid-state reaction from [Nd L(NO 3 ) 2 ]NO 3 (L = bis-( 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)-ethanediamine Schiff base compound), as new precursor, in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as shape-and size-controller. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-obtained nanostructured Nd 2 O 3 were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 10 energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrated that the amount of SDS play key role in the morphology and particle size controlling of the neodymium oxide. Furthermore, the catalytic properties of the as-prepared nanostructures were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of the erythrosine (anionic dye) as water contaminant. 15