Prasinovirus attack of <i>Ostreococcus</i> is furtive by day but savage by night

Derelle, Évelyne; Yau, Sheree; Moreau, Hervé; Grimsley, Nigel

doi:10.1101/191478

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…One exception was Phaeocystis , with its aggregate gene expression peaking during daylight hours while both the giant Phaeocystis globosa virus and its virophage peaked synchronously at night. In addition, a virus infecting Ostreococcus Clade OII (OtV2) had clear night peaks in transcription, a phenomenon that has only ever been observed in the laboratory in experiments with the most distant of other Ostreococcus species, O. tauri , when infected by OtV5 [84]. Cyanophages also had peak expression at night, as previously observed [12].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Most of the reference viruses that were used for gene mapping in our analyses have been well characterized. In laboratory experiments, it has been shown that their lytic cycles are 24–48 h in length even under various forms of nutrient limitation [82, 84, 87–89]. Hence, the detection of daily, closely synchronized transcription over more than two day/night periods suggests that a subset of each population of the major microbial players in this system, whether photosynthetic or not, was infected and lysed multiple times during the time course.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diel transcriptional response of a California Current plankton microbiome to light, low iron, and enduring viral infection

et al. 2019

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Phytoplankton and associated microbial communities provide organic carbon to oceanic food webs and drive ecosystem dynamics. However, capturing those dynamics is challenging. Here, an in situ, semi-Lagrangian, robotic sampler profiled pelagic microbes at 4 h intervals over ~2.6 days in North Pacific high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters. We report on the community structure and transcriptional dynamics of microbes in an operationally large size class (>5 μm) predominantly populated by dinoflagellates, ciliates, haptophytes, pelagophytes, diatoms, cyanobacteria (chiefly Synechococcus), prasinophytes (chiefly Ostreococcus), fungi, archaea, and proteobacteria. Apart from fungi and archaea, all groups exhibited 24-h periodicity in some transcripts, but larger portions of the transcriptome oscillated in phototrophs. Periodic photosynthesis-related transcripts exhibited a temporal cascade across the morning hours, conserved across diverse phototrophic lineages. Pronounced silica:nitrate drawdown, a high flavodoxin to ferredoxin transcript ratio, and elevated expression of other Fe-stress markers indicated Fe-limitation. Fe-stress markers peaked during a photoperiodically adaptive time window that could modulate phytoplankton response to seasonal Fe-limitation. Remarkably, we observed viruses that infect the majority of abundant taxa, often with total transcriptional activity synchronized with putative hosts. Taken together, these data reveal a microbial plankton community that is shaped by recycled production and tightly controlled by Fe-limitation and viral activity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel transcriptional response of a California Current plankton microbiome to light, low iron, and enduring viral infection

et al. 2019

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“…In the broader evolution picture, phylogenetic analyses of numerous chlorovirus genes indicate that the viruses most closely related to the chloroviruses are members of the prasinoviruses (also in the family Phycodnaviridae). This genus includes viruses that infect the smallest eukaryotic cell Ostreococcus, and related species in the class Mamiellophyceae (e.g., Derelle et al [243]). However, it is interesting that the chloroviruses evolved mainly by gene duplications and losses of genes belonging to large paralogous families (including movements of diverse mobile genetic elements), whereas Micromonas and Ostreococcus phycodnaviruses derive most of their genetic novelties though HGTs [244,245].…”

Section: Evolutionary Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroviruses

Etten

Agarkova

Dunigan

2019

Viruses

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Chloroviruses are large dsDNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain chlorella-like green algae; the algae are normally mutualistic endosymbionts of protists and metazoans and are often referred to as zoochlorellae. The viruses are ubiquitous in inland aqueous environments throughout the world and occasionally single types reach titers of thousands of plaque-forming units per ml of native water. The viruses are icosahedral in shape with a spike structure located at one of the vertices. They contain an internal membrane that is required for infectivity. The viral genomes are 290 to 370 kb in size, which encode up to 16 tRNAs and 330 to ~415 proteins, including many not previously seen in viruses. Examples include genes encoding DNA restriction and modification enzymes, hyaluronan and chitin biosynthetic enzymes, polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ion channel and transport proteins, and enzymes involved in the glycan synthesis of the virus major capsid glycoproteins. The proteins encoded by many of these viruses are often the smallest or among the smallest proteins of their class. Consequently, some of the viral proteins are the subject of intensive biochemical and structural investigation.

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“…Replicating during the day also gives viruses the opportunity to use the alga’s photosynthetic products as energy for replication and assembly [ 57 , 74 ]. Aligning with these predictions are the studies carried out by Thyrhaug et al [ 90 ] (described in Section 3.3.2 ); Jacquet et al [ 116 ], who proved that viruses of the algae Emiliana huxleyi are characterized by a diel pattern with more progeny being produced during dusk; or Derelle et al [ 117 ] who showed diurnal patterns of infection in prasinoviruses. Furthermore, a homolog of the denV gene has been found in chloroviruses.…”

Section: Virus Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Why Are Algal Viruses Not Always Successful?

Horas

Theodosiou

Becks

2018

Viruses

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Algal viruses are considered to be key players in structuring microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles due to their abundance and diversity within aquatic systems. Their high reproduction rates and short generation times make them extremely successful, often with immediate and strong effects for their hosts and thus in biological and abiotic environments. There are, however, conditions that decrease their reproduction rates and make them unsuccessful with no or little immediate effects. Here, we review the factors that lower viral success and divide them into intrinsic—when they are related to the life cycle traits of the virus—and extrinsic factors—when they are external to the virus and related to their environment. Identifying whether and how algal viruses adapt to disadvantageous conditions will allow us to better understand their role in aquatic systems. We propose important research directions such as experimental evolution or the resurrection of extinct viruses to disentangle the conditions that make them unsuccessful and the effects these have on their surroundings.

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Prasinovirus attack of Ostreococcus is furtive by day but savage by night

Cited by 6 publications

References 94 publications

Diel transcriptional response of a California Current plankton microbiome to light, low iron, and enduring viral infection

Diel transcriptional response of a California Current plankton microbiome to light, low iron, and enduring viral infection

Chloroviruses

Why Are Algal Viruses Not Always Successful?

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