The biogenesis and assembly of photosystem II (PSII) are mainly regulated by the nuclear-encoded factors. To further identify the novel components involved in PSII biogenesis, we isolated and characterized a high chlorophyll fluorescence low psii accumulation19 (lpa19) mutant, which is defective in PSII biogenesis. LPA19 encodes a Psb27 homolog (At1g05385). Interestingly, another Psb27 homolog (At1g03600) in Arabidopsis was revealed to be required for the efficient repair of photodamaged PSII. These results suggest that the Psb27 homologs play distinct functions in PSII biogenesis and repair in Arabidopsis. Chloroplast protein labeling assays showed that the C-terminal processing of D1 in the lpa19 mutant was impaired. Protein overlay assays provided evidence that LPA19 interacts with D1, and coimmunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that LPA19 interacts with mature D1 (mD1) and precursor D1 (pD1). Moreover, LPA19 protein was shown to specifically interact with the soluble C terminus present in the precursor and mature D1 through yeast two-hybrid analyses. Thus, these studies suggest that LPA19 is involved in facilitating the D1 precursor protein processing in Arabidopsis.
Photosystem II (PSII),2 which catalyzes light-driven water oxidation and plastoquinone reduction, is a large pigment-protein complex found in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. In higher plants, PSII contains more than 20 subunits including both integral and peripheral proteins (1, 2). The PSII reaction center proteins D1 and D2 bind most of the redox components essential for primary charge separation. Light energy transfer to the PSII reaction center is mediated by the intrinsic chlorophyll a-binding proteins, CP47 and CP43. The oxygen evolving complex, located on the luminal side of PSII, consists of a manganese cluster and several extrinsic proteins (3-6).