Pratiques de l\'aviculture traditionnelle par les différents groupes ethniques de la région des cascades au Burkina Faso

Abstract

Aviculture traditionnelle dans la région des cascades au Burkina Faso

Socio-economic Situation of Poultry Farmer and the Local Chicken Production System of the East-Coast of Madagascar

“…Traditional and family poultry farming in the District of Fé né rive-Est is an activity that is mostly carried out by men rather than women. This has also been suggested by similar studies in Burkina Faso [17], in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where more than 60% of men are primarily responsible for raising local chickens [18] and confirmed by a previous study in the same country [19]. This male predominance is due to social considerations that men are the decision-makers in Malagasy households, a case generally observed in African countries [14,[20][21][22][23].…”

“…This situation is found in almost all countries that adopt traditional and family poultry farming, such as the one observed in the DRC, where chickens'lodges are often made of clay and covered with wood, dried plants and metal sheets, or wooden and wire mesh cages placed in a corner of the main room of the house [19,54], 81.11% of farmers do not have specific housing for chickens, but they use their own house or kitchen to shelter the chickens, some of them spending the night under trees [18] ; the same is observed in Algeria [52]. However, in Burkina Faso, the birds' habitat is structured according to the production system; chicks and young are generally raised in a large hut with a thatched roof; 84% of farmers have a traditional henhouse in the form of a hut, 6.67% have shell henhouses made of straw, while 9.33% do not, and the birds spend the night perched on trees [17]. Different species of poultry are generally mixed together in the same henhouse [48,55,56].…”

“…The age of farmers involved in livestock farming proves that local chicken farming requires maturity and commitment by its leaders. Traditional poultry farming mainly concerns people over 40 years of age [17]. In Algeria, the average age of farmers is 45 years [29].…”

“…The size of flocks in African villages varies from 5 to 20 birds per farm [46,47]. However, this size is lower than what is found in Burkina Faso with more than 33 chickens per farmer [17,48], in Algeria with 31 chickens per farm [29], and in Vietnam (Nguyen, 2016) finding 31.87 chickens per household. For the composition of the chicken flock, the number of chicks is mostly higher than other categories of animals.…”

“…Livestock farmers are not enthusiastic about using livestock equipment because traditional poultry farming remains a secondary activity for farmers [18,57]. Food is distributed on the ground because the equipment is almost non-existent [17,33]. In a study conducted in Cameroon, Fotsa [14] had argued that neglect in the use of livestock equipment may be due to the very low schooling rate and poverty of pastoralist farmers who cannot afford too expensive modern equipment.…”