Praziquantel as Prophylactic in Schistosomiasisa

Akbarieh, Mostafa; Tawashi, R.; Ghorab, Mostafa M.; Kassem, Mahfouz

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb27277.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A large number of reports have appeared in the literature on the effects of various additives on calcium oxalate crystallization. These include glutamic and aspartic acids, , polyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyethyleneglycol, sodium cholate, maleic acid copolymers, polyaspartic and polyglutamic acids, poly(styrene- alt -maleic acid), various polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, acrylic polymers, tartarates, diisooctyl sulfosuccinate, mucin, chondroitin sulfates, Tamm-Horsfall proteins, herbal extracts, uric acid, poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate), liposome solutions of different carboxylates, polypeptides, fluorescent molecules, algae-derived, sulfated polysaccharides, osteopontin, aspartic-rich synthetic peptides, synthetic osteopontin phosphopeptides, uropontin, pyrophosphate, citrate and isocitrate, tryptophan, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, inositol hexaphosphate (phytate), glycosaminoglycans, fibronectin, glycoproteins, unidentified macromolecules from whole human urine, α-ketoglutaric acid, adenosine phosphates, various aminoacids, and poly(ethyleneglycol- block -acrylic acid) polymers …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carboxylate-Modified, “Green” Inulin Biopolymers on the Crystal Growth of Calcium Oxalate

Akın

Öner

Bayram

et al. 2008

Crystal Growth & Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, the effect of a biodegradable, environmentally friendly polysaccharide-based polycarboxylate, carboxymethyl inulin (CMI), on the crystal growth kinetics of calcium oxalate was studied at 37 °C. CMI is produced by carboxymethylation of inulin, the latter extracted from chicory roots. The spontaneous crystallization method was utilized to investigate the crystallization kinetics of calcium oxalate (CaC 2 O 4 , CaOx). The experimental results show that the retardation in mass transport in the growth process is controlled by the carboxylation degree of CMI and also its concentration. Our studies also indicate that polymers were effective in directing calcium oxalate crystallization from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) to calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Comparisons with the effects of polyacrylate (PAA) additive, which was also included in our experiments, show that PAA is a more effective inhibitor than CMI-15 and CMI-20, and comparable to CMI-25.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carboxylate-Modified, “Green” Inulin Biopolymers on the Crystal Growth of Calcium Oxalate

Akın

Öner

Bayram

et al. 2008

Crystal Growth & Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mucins have indeed been shown to be associated with calcification in different mineralizing systems: the buccal cavity, where salivary mucins strongly bind to teeth hydroxyapatite (79,80) and protect the teeth against demineralization (81); the gallbladder, where the mucin GBM promotes gallstone formation (82) but also delays the precipitation of calcium phosphate (83); and urine, where urinary mucins modulate the shape of calcium oxalates (84) and act as heterogeneous nucleants for calcium salts (85). In molluscs, mucins have been suspected of playing a role in calcification (86), but only little molecular evidence has been given (87).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucins and Molluscan Calcification

Marin¹,

Corstjens²,

Gaulejac³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cDNA expression library constructed from mantle tissue mRNA of the Mediterranean fan mussel Pinna nobilis was screened with antibodies raised against the acetic acid-soluble shell matrix of the same species. This resulted in the isolation of a 2138-base pair cDNA, containing 13 tandem repeats of 93 base pairs. The deduced protein has a molecular mass of 66.7 kDa and a isoelectric point of 4.8. This protein, which is enriched in serine and proline residues, was overexpressed, purified, and used for producing polyclonal antibodies. Immunological in situ and in vitro tests showed that the protein is localized in the nacreous aragonitic layer of P. nobilis, but not in the calcitic prisms. Because this protein of the nacre of P. nobilis exhibits some mucin-like characteristics, we propose the name mucoperlin. This is the first paper reporting the cloning of a molluscan mucin and the first molecular evidence for the involvement of a mucin in molluscan calcification. This finding corroborates our previous hypothesis that some of the proteinaceous constituents of the molluscan shell matrix would derive from mucins, common to many metazoan lineages of the late Precambrian (Marin, F., Smith, M., Isa, Y., Muyzer, G. and Westbroek, P. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 1554 -1559). The adaptation of an ancestral mucin to a new function, the regulation of the mineralization process, may be one of the molecular events, among others, that would explain the simultaneous emergence of organized calcification in many metazoan lineages during the Cambrian explosion.The skeletons produced by molluscs to protect and support their soft bodies are organo-mineral amalgamates (1, 2) exhibiting a high degree of order at the nanoscale (3). As a rule, the mineralized structure has mechanical properties far superior to each of its constituent components. A well known example is mother-of-pearl or nacre. Its micron-sized compact brick wall texture is more than 1000 times tougher than the chemically precipitated counterpart, aragonite (4).A complex biochemical machinery is required for the production of these highly ordered biominerals. Specialized microenvironments must be created to accommodate the growing minerals (1, 5). The constituent ions as well as macromolecules capable of directing and fine-tuning the crystallization must be supplied, while waste products of crystallization have to be removed and deleterious precipitations avoided. The actual biomineralization process follows as a remarkable case of selforganization, with the densely packed organic-inorganic composite emerging as the final product. Furthermore, the organisms must deploy upstream the calcification, signal transmitters (6, 7), and transcription factors (8, 9) able to switch their biomineralizing machineries on and off.Despite its complexity, it would appear as though the skeleton-forming machinery evolved with remarkable facility. The skeletons of many animal phyla were installed in less than 30 million years, since the beginning of the Cambrian, 544 million ...

show abstract

“…Mucin is an acidic mucoprotein (60-70% glycosylated) of molecular weight 400 kD (13-16), compared to THP, which is an acidic mucoprotein (30% glycosylated) and has a molecular weight of 80-90 kD in monomeric form and a polymeric form of 70,000 kD (17)(18)(19). Mucin was chosen for this study because the ratio of bound sialic acid (approximately 5%) is near that of THP (4%) and it is easily accessible (18,20). Sialic acid contributes to their low isoelectric point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%