Pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington

Mullineaux, Donal Ray

doi:10.3133/pp1563

Cited by 88 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…), which contains deposits (Y tephra set, Mullineaux 1996) similar to those of the earlier Swift Creek stage (more silicic) and of the later Pine Creek period (3-2.5 ka B.P. ; Table 1) which are hypersthene bearing and not cummingtonite bearing.…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall volume of the Smith Creek deposits (neglecting the Yn and Ye fall layers) is much smaller, however, being one-tenth that of the Pine Creek deposits (Crandell 1987). The Pine Creek period is characterized by voluminous pyroclastic flows of lithic dacite debris and pumice (P tephra set, Mullineaux 1996). Radiocarbon dates (10 in all) ranging from 3,200±50 to 2,480±90 years B.P.…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crandell's (1987) chronology of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens is based on 65 14 C dates. In his detailed study of Mount St. Helens tephras Mullineaux (1996) reports additional 14 C dates, particularly within the upper Swift Creek eruptive stage (Table 1). Tree-ring dating has also provided accurate and limiting dates for eruptions during and since the beginning of the Kalama period in A.D. 1479 (Yamaguchi and Hoblitt 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Published results include studies of emplacement temperatures, debris-flow deposition mechanisms (Hoblitt and Kellogg 1979;, and the accuracy of non-welded pyroclastic flows in recording paleosecular variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field (Hoblitt et al 1985). Mount St. Helens is of particular interest to investigations of volcanic hazards and PSV in western North America because it has been one of the most active volcanoes in the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest region for at least the past 40 ka (Crandell 1987;Pallister et al 1992;Carey et al 1995;Mullineaux 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holocene deposits are well preserved on the flanks of the volcano and have not suffered from the extensive erosion and alteration that characterizes most of the Pleistocene deposits (Mullineaux 1996). Volcanic deposits from Mount St. Helens often contain organic material, which makes radiocarbon dating possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington

et al. 2001

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A compilation of paleomagnetic data from volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens is presented in this report. The database is used to determine signature paleomagnetic directions of products from its Holocene eruptive events, to assign sampled units to their proper eruptive period, and to begin the assembly of a much larger database of paleomagnetic directions from Holocene volcanic rocks in western North America. The paleomagnetic results from Mount St. Helens are mostly of high quality, and generally agree with the division of its volcanic deposits into eruptive episodes based on previous geologic mapping and radiocarbon dates. The Muddy River andesite's paleomagnetic direction, however, indicates that it is more likely part of the Pine Creek eruptive period rather than the Castle Creek period. In addition, the Two-Fingers andesite flow is more likely part of the Middle Kalama eruptive period and not part of the Goat Rocks period. The paleomagnetic data from Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood document variation in the geomagnetic field's pole position over the last ~2,500 years. A distinct feature of the new paleosecular variation (PSV) record, similar to the Fish Lake record (Oregon), indicates a sudden change from rapid clockwise movement of the pole about the Earth's spin axis to relatively slow counterclockwise movement at ~800 to 900 years B.P.

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Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington

et al. 2001

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Using geochemistry as a tool for correlating proximal andesitic tephra: case studies from Mt Rainier (USA) and Mt Ruapehu (New Zealand)

Donoghue

Vallance

Smith

et al. 2006

J Quaternary Science

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Volcanic hazards assessments at andesite stratovolcanoes rely on the assessment of frequency and magnitude of past events. The identification and correlation of proximal and distal andesitic tephra, which record the explosive eruptive history, are integral to such assessments. These tephra are potentially valuable stratigraphic marker beds useful to the temporal correlation and age dating of Quaternary volcanic, volcaniclastic and epiclastic sedimentary deposits with which they are interbedded. At Mt Ruapehu (New Zealand) and Mt Rainier (USA), much of the detail of the recent volcanic record remains unresolved because of the difficulty in identifying proximal tephra. This study investigates the value of geochemical methods in discriminating andesitic tephra. Our dataset comprises petrological and geochemical analyses of tephra that span the late Quaternary eruptive record of each volcano. Our data illustrate that andesitic tephra are remarkably heterogeneous in composition. Tephra compositions fluctuate widely over short time intervals, and there are no simple or systematic temporal trends in geochemistry within either eruptive record. This complexity in tephra geochemistry limits the application of geochemical approaches to tephrostratigraphic studies, beyond a general characterisation useful to provenance assignation. Petrological and geochemical data suggest that the products of andesite systems are inherently variable and therefore intractable to discrimination by simple geochemical methods alone. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Tephra redeposition and mixing in a Late‐glacial hillside basin determined by fusion of clustering analyses of glass‐shard geochemistry

Pouget

Bursik

Rogova

2014

J Quaternary Science

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Two discontinuous tephra layers were discovered at Burney Spring Mountain, northern California. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that they are two distinct primary fall tephras. The geochemistries of these tephras from electron probe microanalysis were compared with those of known layers found in the area to test for potential correlations, using clustering analysis on geochemistry. In most cases, geochemical data from a tephra layer can be assigned to a single cluster, but in some cases the analyses are spread over several clusters. This spreading is a direct result of mixing and reworking of several tephra layers. The mixing, in turn, appears to be related to the influence of wind in a marshy environment.

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Pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington

Cited by 88 publications

References 11 publications

Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington

Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington

Using geochemistry as a tool for correlating proximal andesitic tephra: case studies from Mt Rainier (USA) and Mt Ruapehu (New Zealand)

Tephra redeposition and mixing in a Late‐glacial hillside basin determined by fusion of clustering analyses of glass‐shard geochemistry

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