Pre-Anthesis Nutritional Status of Spelt Wheat as a Tool for Predicting the Attainable Grain Yield

Grzebisz, W.; Barłóg, Przemysław; Kryszak, J.; Łukowiak, Remigiusz

doi:10.3390/agronomy9090558

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this particular case, the excess of Ca-which first appeared before flowering-resulted in a reduction in grain density and, thus, in yield. The application of Mg has emerged as an agronomic factor mitigating-at least in part-these negative processes [42]. The same phenomenon has been observed in potato plants.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 71%

“…This phenomenon has been observed in maize, spelt wheat, winter oilseed rape, and potatoes [36,[42][43][44]. This excessive accumulation of Ca can significantly disturb the N management by the crop, as has been observed for spelt wheat [42]. In this particular case, the excess of Ca-which first appeared before flowering-resulted in a reduction in grain density and, thus, in yield.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 78%

“…The main reason is the excessive accumulation of Ca in the plant in critical stages of yield formation. This phenomenon has been observed in maize, spelt wheat, winter oilseed rape, and potatoes [36,[42][43][44]. This excessive accumulation of Ca can significantly disturb the N management by the crop, as has been observed for spelt wheat [42].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 83%

“…The often-discussed antagonism between K and Ca manifests mainly under water shortage, as has been documented for potato by Potarzycki and Grzebisz [44]. Magnesium fertilization significantly controls Ca accumulation by crop plants, mitigating its negative impact on N management and yield [42,48].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Consequently, the leaf turgor decreases and the plant's stomata close [67]. The key negative aspect of these water-saving processes is the reduced supply of CO 2 which, in turn, slows down the growth rate of the plant, ultimately leading to decreased yield [11,42]. The second example of cytosolic Ca 2+ signaling is the plant's response to pathogenic attack.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficiencies of Secondary Nutrients in Crop Plants—A Real Challenge to Improve Nitrogen Management

2022

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Secondary nutrient (e.g., calcium, magnesium, sulfur) deficiencies in crop plants disturb the nitrogen balance in the plants, thus reducing the overall yield. This hypothesis was analyzed based on the physiological functions of these nutrients, in relation to the uptake and utilization of N, in crop plants. Nitrogen uptake by plants requires a well-developed root system, the size of which depends on the supply of calcium. This process is largely controlled by the content of toxic aluminum in the soil, which can be mitigated through the application of lime and/or gypsum. In humid climates, the excessive uptake of calcium by plants occurs during water shortages; this process significantly interferes with N uptake. Magnesium, which affects plant growth throughout the growing season, can effectively control excessive calcium uptake. Magnesium deficiency can be ameliorated with soil- or foliar-applied fertilizers. These stages define the timing of plant sampling and determination of the N:S ratio, as an indicator of plant nutritional status. The application of Mg, S, or MgS facilitates higher productivity of fertilizer N by narrowing the N:Mg and N:S ratios in plants. The use of secondary nutrients can allow farmers to obtain high yields while reducing both production costs and environmental risks.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficiencies of Secondary Nutrients in Crop Plants—A Real Challenge to Improve Nitrogen Management

2022

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Sources of Nutrients for High-Yielding Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) during Post-Flowering Growth

2020

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Nutrient management by winter oilseed rape (WOSR) during the seed filling period (SFP) is crucial for seed density (SD), which subsequently determines seed yield (Y). This hypothesis was evaluated based on data from field experiments (2008-2010), with six treatments with sequentially added nutrients (0, NP, NPK, NPKMgS1(1/3 total MgS rate—spring applied), NPKMgS2 (total MgS rate autumn applied); NPKMgS3 (2/3-autumn, 1/3-spring). Nutrients accumulated in seeds were revealed as the most reliable WOSR trait, determining SD and Y. Yield was defined by the amounts of K and Mg in seeds. The amount nutrient remobilized from vegetative WOSR tissues was sufficient to cover the crop requirements during SFP for N, P, and Zn, but not for Ca, K, Mn, and Cu. The post-flowering K uptake resulted in PD, and SD increase, which subsequently resulted in a concomitant net uptake of Ca and Mg. The excessive accumulation of Ca, as well as Cu, and Mn in seeds due to a shortage of Mg, subsequently resulted in both SD and Y depression. The efficient exploitation of WOSR yielding potential as defined by SD, is possible, provided during the SFP reveals a net K and Mg uptake.

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Prediction of Grain Yield and Gluten Content in Winter Bread Wheat Based on Nutrient Content in Plant Parts during the Critical Cereal Window

Grzebisz,

Szczepaniak,

Potarzycki

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Reliable prediction of winter bread wheat grain yield (GY) and its qualitative parameters (crude protein (CP) and wet gluten (GL) content, wet gluten yield (GLY)) requires evaluation of the plant nutritional status in the Critical Cereal Window (CCW). The reliability of the forecast depends on the dedicated plant characteristics and the correct selection of the diagnostic plant parts. This hypothesis was verified in a one-factor field experiment carried out in the 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016 growing seasons. The field experiment included applying 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 kg N ha−1. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu content in wheat was determined in two growth stages: (i) beginning of booting (BBCH 40) and (ii) full flowering (BBCH 65). The evaluated plant components included the leaves and stem for BBCH 40 and the flag leaf, leaves, stem, and ear of BBCH 65. Grain yields were very high, significantly responding to the increased rates of fertilizer nitrogen (Nf), with a maximum yield of 11.3 t ha−1 achieved in 2014 (N rate of 209 kg N ha−1), 13.7 t ha−1 in 2015, and 8.6 t ha−1 in 2016 (N rate of 240 kg N ha−1). The CP and GL content also increased linearly in accordance with the Nf rates. At the beginning of the booting stage, the GY forecast based on the content of nutrients in the leaves or the stem was 94%. Meanwhile, a slightly higher yield prediction was obtained for leaves during the full flowering stage (95%). The key nutrients comprised K, Ca, and Mn, accounting for 93% of the GY variability. The accuracy of the GL prognosis at BBCH 40, regardless of the plant part, exceeded 99%. Three nutrients, namely, P, Mg, and Zn, explained 98% of the GL variability, and the GLY forecast was high (97%). Both wheat traits depended on Zn, which buffered the action of N and Mg. At the full flowering stage, the highest, yet slightly weaker, predictions of GL and GLY were obtained for leaves (95% and 92%, respectively). At this stage of winter wheat growth, the significant role of Zn and K and the buffering effect of Cu on the action of both nutrients was apparent. The obtained results unequivocally confirm that the game for winter wheat grain yield occurs within the Critical Cereal Window. In addition, the end result depends on the plant’s N supply during this period and the nutritional status of other nutrients. Application of 40–80 kg N ha−1 fertilizer critically impacted the GY and technological quality. Moreover, micronutrients, including Zn and Cu, influence the GY, GL, and GLY considerably. At the beginning of the booting phase (BBCH 40), winter wheat leaves serve as a highly reliable plant component indicator for evaluating nutrient content and quantitative (GY, GLY) and qualitative (GL) characteristics of grain. Moreover, analysis conducted during BBCH 40 allows the farmer to correct the nutritional status of the wheat, taking into account N and other nutrients as necessary.

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Pre-Anthesis Nutritional Status of Spelt Wheat as a Tool for Predicting the Attainable Grain Yield

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Deficiencies of Secondary Nutrients in Crop Plants—A Real Challenge to Improve Nitrogen Management

Deficiencies of Secondary Nutrients in Crop Plants—A Real Challenge to Improve Nitrogen Management

Sources of Nutrients for High-Yielding Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) during Post-Flowering Growth

Prediction of Grain Yield and Gluten Content in Winter Bread Wheat Based on Nutrient Content in Plant Parts during the Critical Cereal Window

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