Pre-bilaterian origin of the blastoporal axial organizer

Kraus, Yulia; Aman, Andy; Technau, Ulrich; Genikhovich, Grigory

doi:10.1038/ncomms11694

Cited by 128 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…and Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals) evolved, embryological gastrulation initiated from the animal pole under control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, inducing an axial organizer whose vertebrate descendant is known as the Spemann-Mangold organizer. This initiates the orchestrated series of events where specific gene programs are activated by transcription factors that trigger differentiation into specialized cell types (Cadigan and Waterman, 2012;Genikhovich and Technau, 2017;Kraus et al, 2016;Nielsen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGRMC1 phosphorylation and cell plasticity 2: genomic integrity and CpG methylation

et al. 2019

Preprint

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SUMMARYProgesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is often elevated in cancers, and exists in alternative states of phosphorylation. A motif centered on PGRMC1 Y180 was evolutionarily acquired concurrently with the embryological gastrulation organizer that orchestrates vertebrate tissue differentiation. Here, we show that mutagenic manipulation of PGRMC1 phosphorylation alters cell metabolism, genomic stability, and CpG methylation. Each of several mutants elicited distinct patterns of genomic CpG methylation. Mutation of S57A/Y180/S181A led to increased net hypermethylation, reminiscent of embryonic stem cells. Pathways enrichment analysis suggested modulation of processes related to animal cell differentiation status and tissue identity, as well as cell cycle control and ATM/ATR DNA damage repair regulation. We detected different genomic mutation rates in culture. A companion manuscript shows that these cell states dramatically affect protein abundances, cell and mitochondrial morphology, and glycolytic metabolism. We propose that PGRMC1 phosphorylation status modulates cellular plasticity mechanisms relevant to early embryological tissue differentiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGRMC1 phosphorylation and cell plasticity 2: genomic integrity and CpG methylation

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The availability of stable transgenesis and neuron-specific promoters now allows the conditional ablation of neurons in adult animals, opening the possibility to analyze the regenerative capacity of cnidarians in new experimental paradigms. In addition to well-established transient knockdown strategies (dsRNA, morpholinos), genome-editing technologies like TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 are now available in some cnidarian model systems [105,106]. …”

Section: Modern Methods Reach Cnidariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to the Basics: Cnidarians Start to Fire

Bosch

Klimovich

Domazet-Lošo

et al. 2017

Trends in Neurosciences

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117

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The nervous systems of cnidarians, pre-bilaterian animals that diverged close to the base of the metazoan radiation, are structurally simple and thus have great potential to inform us about basic structural and functional principles of neural circuits. Unfortunately, cnidarians have thus far been relatively intractable to electrophysiological and genetic techniques and consequently have been largely passed over by neurobiologists. However, recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are fueling a renaissance of interest in and research into cnidarians nervous systems. Here, we review current knowledge on the nervous systems of some cnidarian species and propose that researchers should seize this opportunity and undertake the study of this phylum as strategic experimental systems with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.

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“…A handful of cnidarians has emerged in the past decades as experimental models in molecular, cell and developmental biology, providing insights into the evolution of developmental programs, including regeneration, stem cell biology and the evolution of key bilaterian traits (Kraus et al, 2007, 2016; Momose and Houliston, 2007; Amiel et al, 2009; Chera et al, 2009; Boehm et al, 2012; Layden et al, 2012; Röttinger et al, 2012; Sinigaglia et al, 2013; Leclère and Rentzsch, 2014; Abrams et al, 2015; Bradshaw et al, 2015; Helm et al, 2015; reviewed in Technau and Steele, 2011; Layden et al, 2016; Leclère et al, 2016; Rentzsch and Technau, 2016). The main, but not exclusive, cnidarian models are the medusozoan hydrozoans Hydra, Hydractinia, Podocoryna and Clytia (reviewed in Houliston et al, 2010; Galliot, 2012; Plickert et al, 2012; Gahan et al, 2016; Leclère et al, 2016) as well as the anthozoans Nematostella vectensis (reviewed in Layden et al, 2016; Rentzsch and Technau, 2016) and the coral Acropora (Shinzato et al, 2011; Hayward et al, 2015; Okubo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The ability to perform muscle contractions is one of the most important and distinctive features of eumetazoans. As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) hold an informative phylogenetic position for understanding muscle evolution. Here, we review current knowledge on muscle function, diversity, development, regeneration and evolution in cnidarians. Cnidarian muscles are involved in various activities, such as feeding, escape, locomotion and defense, in close association with the nervous system. This variety is reflected in the large diversity of muscle organizations found in Cnidaria. Smooth epithelial muscle is thought to be the most common type, and is inferred to be the ancestral muscle type for Cnidaria, while striated muscle fibers and non-epithelial myocytes would have been convergently acquired within Cnidaria. Current knowledge of cnidarian muscle development and its regeneration is limited. While orthologs of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD have yet to be found in cnidarian genomes, striated muscle formation potentially involves well-conserved myogenic genes, such as twist and mef2. Although satellite cells have yet to be identified in cnidarians, muscle plasticity (e.g., de- and re-differentiation, fiber repolarization) in a regenerative context and its potential role during regeneration has started to be addressed in a few cnidarian systems. The development of novel tools to study those organisms has created new opportunities to investigate in depth the development and regeneration of cnidarian muscle cells and how they contribute to the regenerative process.

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Pre-bilaterian origin of the blastoporal axial organizer

Cited by 128 publications

References 46 publications

PGRMC1 phosphorylation and cell plasticity 2: genomic integrity and CpG methylation

PGRMC1 phosphorylation and cell plasticity 2: genomic integrity and CpG methylation

Back to the Basics: Cnidarians Start to Fire

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

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