Pre-breakdown cavitation nanopores in the dielectric fluid in the inhomogeneous, pulsed electric fields

Abstract

This paper discusses the nanopores emerging and developing in a liquid

Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap

“…The research in this area is challenged by practical difficulties such as achieving pure degassed liquids and not being able to measure (sub) micrometer gas voids due to the optical diffraction limit. Pekker and Shneider [30] have recently Table 1. Typical plasma properties for four often used discharges: pulsed direct discharge in liquid, DC air glow discharge with a water electrode, pulsed plasma jet (non-touching) and filamentary dielectric barrier discharge (DBD).…”

“…The first technique for selfsustained plasmas in liquids relies on the existence or formation of bubbles to provide a low density in the liquid phase which, for a given electric field, amplifies the local E/N to the degree that a plasma can be sustained. The initiating bubbles are believed to be only a few microns in size, and are either pre-existing or are produced by the electrostriction effect due to large electric fields [30,571,572]. It is still unclear how these forces can grow a large enough bubble to provide the critical pd (pressure × diameter) that will enable avalanching of the gas inside the bubble.…”

Initial stage of cavitation in liquids and its observation by Rayleigh scattering

“…. Note that for the time of the order of tens of nanoseconds, pores can grow into much larger sizes (the rate of the expansion of nanopores is about 100-300 m/s [31,32]), but we disregard this fact for simplicity. If, in the process of growth, the size of the pores reaches the order of the laser wavelength, then the scattering ceases to be isotropic Rayleigh and becomes anisotropic Mie scattering (e.g.…”

Rayleigh scattering on the cavitation region emerging in liquids

“…A method to determine the critical parameters at which cavitation begins on the basis of the comparison between the experiment and the simulation results within the framework of hydrodynamics of compressible fluids was also proposed. The theory of nanopore generation and expansion in fluids under the influence of nanosecond pulsed electric fields was proposed and developed in [15,16].This paper shows that the Rayleigh scattering off nanopores, emerging from the negative pressure regions of the liquid, can be used to detect cavities earlier in their development than other optical methods.…”

“…A method to determine the critical parameters at which cavitation begins on the basis of the comparison between the experiment and the simulation results within the framework of hydrodynamics of compressible fluids was also proposed. The theory of nanopore generation and expansion in fluids under the influence of nanosecond pulsed electric fields was proposed and developed in [15,16].…”