Pre-burst neutrinos of gamma-ray bursters accompanied by high-energy photons

Abstract

Previous researches on high-energy neutrino events from gamma-ray bursters (GRBs) suggest a neutrino speed variation v(E) = c(1 ± E/E ν LV ) with E ν LV = (6.4 ± 1.5) × 10 17 GeV, together with an intrinsic time difference ∆t in = (−2.8 ± 0.7) × 10 2 s, which means that high-energy neutrinos come out about 300 s earlier than low-energy photons in the source reference system. Considering the possibility that pre-bursts of neutrinos may be accompanied by high-energy photons, in this work we search for high-energy photon events with earlier emission time from 100 to 1000 s before low-energy photons at source by analyzing Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) data. We perform the searching of photon events with energies larger than 100 MeV, and find 14 events from 48 GRBs with known redshifts. Combining these events with a 1.07 TeV photon event observed by the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC), we suggest a pre-burst stage with a long duration period of several minutes of high energy neutrino emissions accompanied by high energy photons at the GRB source.

Lorentz and CPT breaking in gamma-ray burst neutrinos from string theory

“…Such an energy scale is consistent with various time-of-flight constraints, available today, from MeV neutrinos of supernova 1987A [38] and that from higher-energy neutrinos registered at IceCube, e.g., [39]; it is also compatible with the constraints [40][41][42] from recent multimessenger observations of blazar TXS 0506+056 coincident with ∼ 290 TeV track-like neutrino event [43]. We mention in passing that a light speed variation of v(E) = 1 − E/E γ LV with E γ LV 3.60 × 10 17 GeV has also been suggested from time-of-flight studies on the energetic radiation from GRBs [8,[12][13][14][15][16] and from flares of active galactic nuclei [44]. This latter LV scale is not the same as the LV scale of neutrinos (3.2) but of the same order of magnitude.…”

“…Recent studies [11][12][13][14][15] of events in the (near-)TeV-PeV range suggest a linearly energy dependent speed variation of neutrinos through their associations with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Analyses lead to a Lorentz violation scale of ∼ 6 × 10 17 GeV, comparable with that determined from GRB photons [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. More intriguingly, it is proposed [13] that either neutrinos or antineutrinos travel faster than the constant light speed c, 1 whereas the other ones go slower than unity.…”

“…In fact, the main idea has been outlined in a letter [25], and in this paper we provide a thorough account of the calculations and elaborate on more detailed results through in depth discussions. This framework has also been used previously in explaining light speed variation from analyzing flight times of GRB photons [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] in a consistent way [26,27].…”

Lorentz Symmetry Violation of Cosmic Photons

“…anti-neutrinos, this conjecture needs more research in support. Similar to the study of photons, the neutrino research also involves the effects of inherent time delay, and some research found that neutrinos are emitted earlier than GRB photons [107][108][109]. Ref.…”

“…Ref. [109] pointed out that there is a pre-burst stage, which emits neutrinos together with high-energy photons, and this pre-burst stage is within a time interval of about 140∼820 s before the low-energy photon burst of a GRB. Currently, the data of neutrinos are still relatively lacking, and there are prospects for development of LV research using neutrinos.…”