Pre-Concentration and Separation of Perphenazine Using Picric Acid Loaded α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: HPLC Syringe Filter as the Particles Support

Abstract

Suspension of picric acid (PA) loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (PA-IONPs) was injected on the top of a 0.2 µm HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) syringe filter. The immobilized nanoparticles were used as SPE (solid phase extraction) sorbent for perphenazine separation and pre-concentration. By passing perphenazine solution through the filter, a molecular complex between perphenazine and PA was formed. Perphenazine/PA complex was eluted from the filter using dichloromethane as solvent. The perphenazine contents were determined at 254 nm. Effects of the parameters such as pH, the amount of PA-IONPs, as well as flow rate, volume, and type of eluting solvents, on the separation efficiency and pre-concentration of perphenazine were investigated. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5-5 ng mL -1 (Y = 0.047X + 0.018; R 2 = 0.9952) with limit of detection of 0.16 ng mL -1. The pre-concentration and enrichment factors were 8.33 and 1.88, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of perphenazine residue in tap water.

In-Depth Understanding of the Morphology Effect of α-Fe2O3 on Catalytic Ethane Destruction

“…22 The pore size distribution (PSD) was obtained by the Barrett−Joyner− Halenda (BJH) method (Figure S1, inset). Fe 2 O 3 -S shows unimodal pore size distribution with a predominant pore radius of around 20 nm, indicating the homogeneous distribution of pores; 22 however, Fe 2 O 3 -C and Fe 2 O 3 -R with type III isotherms can be observed (Figure S1B,C), 23 and the 24 The bands at 1634 and 1535 cm −1 are assigned to the bending and vibration of H 2 O molecules and C−O bond, respectively. 25 The strong absorption peaks at 3453 cm −1 (over Fe 2 O 3 -C) and 3591 cm −1 (over Fe 2 O 3 -R) can be assigned to the O−H stretching vibration of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, 25 and the weak band at 911 cm −1 over Fe 2 O 3 -C and Fe 2 O 3 -R can be attributed to the vibration of Fe-OH.…”

“…The pore size distribution (PSD) was obtained by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method (Figure S1, inset). Fe 2 O 3 -S shows unimodal pore size distribution with a predominant pore radius of around 20 nm, indicating the homogeneous distribution of pores; however, Fe 2 O 3 -C and Fe 2 O 3 -R with type III isotherms can be observed (Figure S1B,C), and the pore size distribution curves of Fe 2 O 3 -C and Fe 2 O 3 -R show several mesopore peaks in the range of 15–45 nm, indicating the heterogeneity distribution of pores, which is considered to be mainly caused by an interspace between the component nanoparticles …”