Pre-earthquake magnetic pulses

Scoville, J. T.; Heraud, J. A.; Freund, Friedemann

doi:10.5194/nhessd-2-7367-2014

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…After the combination, the seismo-electrical model, named Chen–Ouillon–Sornette (COS), can thus mimic fracture-induced electrical signals at a laboratory scale [ 40 , 59 , 60 ] and earthquake-related geoelectrical signals at a geological scale [ 18 , 32 ]. It also reproduces polar-like electromagnetic pulses that are usually observed before earthquakes [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Within a coupled mechanical–electrical system, Chen et al [ 46 ] have developed a fully self-consistent COS model that combines the generation of ruptures within a Burridge–Knopoff spring-block model [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] with the nucleation and propagation of electric pulses within an RLC-type circuit. The COS model has a theoretical framework for simulating and analyzing earthquake-related geoelectrical signals and successfully reproduces unipolar-like pulses that often precede large seismic events [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Moreover, it sheds some light on preseismic electromagnetic phenomena, such as variations of statistical moments [ 12 , 13 , 32 ] and transitions of power-law exponents in power spectra [ 19 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Cos Seismo-electrical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling Informational Properties of the Chen-Ouillon-Sornette Seismo-Electrical Model

Chen

Telesca

Lovallo

et al. 2021

Entropy

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The seismo-electrical coupling is critical to understand the mechanism of geoelectrical precursors to earthquakes. A novel seismo-electrical model, called Chen–Ouillon–Sornette (COS) model, has been developed by combining the Burridge–Knopoff spring-block system with the mechanisms of stress-activated charge carriers (i.e., electrons and holes) and pressure-stimulated currents. Such a model, thus, can simulate fracture-induced electrical signals at a laboratory scale or earthquake-related geoelectrical signals at a geological scale. In this study, by using information measures of time series analysis, we attempt to understand the influence of diverse electrical conditions on the characteristics of the simulated electrical signals with the COS model. We employ the Fisher–Shannon method to investigate the temporal dynamics of the COS model. The result showed that the electrical parameters of the COS model, particularly for the capacitance and inductance, affect the levels of the order/disorder in the electrical time series. Compared to the field observations, we infer that the underground electrical condition has become larger capacitance or smaller inductance in seismogenic processes. Accordingly, this study may provide a better understanding of the mechanical–electrical coupling of the earth’s crust.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Cos Seismo-electrical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling Informational Properties of the Chen-Ouillon-Sornette Seismo-Electrical Model

Chen

Telesca

Lovallo

et al. 2021

Entropy

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“…The first mechanism (Freund, 2011, and references therein;Freund and Freund, 2015;Scoville et al, 2015aScoville et al, , 2015b depends on charge separation in quartz during stresses, with negative charge trapped at ruptured peroxy bonds and a positive charge wave reaching the ground surface at speeds of as much as a few hundreds of meters per second, with the rock momentarily in a kind of solid-state plasma, which produces light by ionization processes. This is well supported by experimental data.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue sky at midnight – earthquake lightning

Whitehead¹,

Ulusoy²

2018

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Introduction 1.1. Earthquake light Earthquakes at night sometimes have pale blue coseismic light emerging from the ground as flashes. Historical reviews were conducted by Terada (1931), Derr (1973), Tsukuda (1997), Fidani (2010), and Thériault et al. (2014). The latter summarized the experimental evidence that shows that stresses on rock produce a wave of positive charge that travels to the earth's surface as a kind of solidstate plasma, and the quantitative magnitude is so great it must ionize air locally and produce light. Flashes are the commonest form, and for simplicity, this paper neglects other forms including some small ones that are close to the ground but do not generate blue sky color, and so far are very rare in video records. According to the summary of Derr, citing Yasui (1968) and the independent collation of Tsukuda (1997), the center of a flash is usually a white hemisphere within a blue hemisphere, 20-200 m, contacting the ground surface, i.e. a very small area compared with the area where the earthquake was felt. Such a flash is a rare event and usually not directly above the epicenter. Local buildings may distort the hemispherical form and in older literature it may be described as a "fan" of light. Progress in interpretation has been slow because of a lack of objective records, though there were photographs from the 1960s (Derr, 1973) that probably captured only the rarer longer flashes. Overwhelming video evidence has since become available particularly from Chile, Peru, Mexico, and Ecuador: see web references in Appendix 1.1 and other relevant references (Fidani, 2010; Heraud and Lira, 2011; Whitehead and Ulusoy, 2013, 2015). However, the videos have not been significantly analyzed in published sources, so this paper presents firm new information for earthquake light existence, color, length, and differentiation from electrical grid faults. The videos referenced above and later in the text are edited versions of the originals for brevity and are sometimes selected from compilations. The URLs of the unedited original videos are in the reference list in the Appendix. Those who wish to download either video type could use screen capture software or contact the authors, but should note that there is nearly 7 Gb of material even in the edited versions. Important new sequences are from Turkey, New Zealand, and Mexico. Earthquake light has been observed in Turkey, both as coseismic and possibly precursory events. In the 1999 İzmit quake there were reports of blue pillars of light, and there is a video record of one flash Abstract: Earthquake light, emerging from the ground as flashes at night (neglecting other more minor forms), usually has a white hemispherical center and blue outer part. The blue resembles daytime blue sky. Its existence is increasingly verified, with about 80 videos on the web to mid-2017. However, the light must be differentiated from power-grid faults, so sound/color/form/length criteria were developed in this paper through examination of many videos. Light should be coseismi...

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“…Freund [2008,2009] has suggested a semiconductor model of rocks to describe unipolar magnetic pulses, as several times was observed prior to earthquakes. The suggested mechanism is based on coupling a semiconductor drift-diffusion model to a magnetic field to describe the electromagnetic effects associated with electrical currents flowing within rocks [see also Scoville et al 2014]. However for fluid saturated samples, according to Dahlgren et al [2014], observation of significant electrical charge buildup is not expected during the observed slow stress accumulation prior to earthquakes, or during any slow precursory stress release that may occur in the region of earthquake nucleation.…”

Section: Possible Origin and Mechanisms For Internal Earth Generated Em Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background electromagnetic noise characterization: the role of external and internal Earth sources

Meloni

Bianchi

Mele

et al. 2015

Annals of Geophysics

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<p>The Earth is surrounded by the ionosphere and magnetosphere that can roughly be seen schematically as two concentric shells. These two composed and inhomogeneous structured shells around the Earth selectively affect electromagnetic (EM) waves propagation. Both ionosphere and magnetosphere interact also with particles and waves coming from external sources, generating electromagnetic phenomena that in turn might become sources of EM waves. Conversely, EM waves generated inside the ionosphere remain confined at various altitudes in this region, up to a so-called critical frequency limit, depending on frequency, EM waves can escape out of the ionosphere and magnetosphere or get through. The EM waves generated inside the magnetospheric cavity mainly originate as a result of the electrical activity in the atmosphere. It is well known that also man-made sources, now widely spread on Earth, are a fundamental source of EM waves; however, excluding certain frequencies employed in power distribution and communication, man-made noise can be dominant only at local scale, near their source. According to recent studies, EM waves are also generated in the Earth’s lithosphere; these waves were sometimes associated with earthquake activity showing, on the Earth’s surface, intensities that are generally orders of magnitude below the background EM noise. In this review paper, we illustrate EM waves of natural origin and discuss their characterization in order to try discriminate those of lithospheric origin detectable at or near the Earth’s surface.</p>

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Pre-earthquake magnetic pulses

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Unveiling Informational Properties of the Chen-Ouillon-Sornette Seismo-Electrical Model

Unveiling Informational Properties of the Chen-Ouillon-Sornette Seismo-Electrical Model

Blue sky at midnight – earthquake lightning

Background electromagnetic noise characterization: the role of external and internal Earth sources

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