Pre-eclampsia: increased, unchanged, and decreased serum markers in comparison to healthy third trimester pregnancy. A synopsis

Second-trimester serum levels of placenta growth factor (PLGF) and inhibin A are increased in smokers. Implications for pre-eclampsia risk assessment

“…On the other hand, the placenta-specific SP1 and HPL as well as exclusively maternally (or fetally) produced selectin or IGF-BP1 are not influenced by smoking. Nevertheless, its effect on the levels of PLGF and inhibin A is substantial, and it is precisely these two markers for which the deviations between subsequently pre-eclamptic and healthy, gestation matched pregnancies were found to be amongst the largest not only in the second-trimester but also after the onset of symptoms, as shown in a study comparing 14 serum markers [15]. In the first trimester, however, PLGF does not yet seem to be a good predictor for an increased PE risk [18,19], but increased first trimester PLGF levels have been found in one large study for pregnancies with fetal growth restriction [18].…”

“…The concentrations of PAPP-A, pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (HPL), VEGF, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the same sera were available from previous projects [11,14] investigating their usefulness for second-trimester risk assessment for subsequent PE to occur; they were used as backup data. Similarly the results for leptin, soluble endothelial (sE-) selectin, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGF-BP1) were available after measurements using the methods previously applied to the third trimester [15].…”

Serum markers for pre-eclampsia: An update on the analytes to be determined in the first, second, and third trimester

“…Compared to the results from the other markers [33], the effect is well-pronounced for sEng and sFlt-1, and this is illustrated in Fig. 2 which shows all analysed markers for which a significantly increased median serum concentration was observed as a function of the extent of the difference between cases and matched controls in our study [33].…”

“…2 which shows all analysed markers for which a significantly increased median serum concentration was observed as a function of the extent of the difference between cases and matched controls in our study [33]. These are -besides the mentioned IL-6, sEng and sFlt-1 -adiponectin [34,35], leptin, soluble endothelial selectin, PAPP-A [36,37], M-CSF, IGF-BP1, inhibin A [38,39,40], and activin A [39,40] for which we found the strongest caseversus-control difference and the least overlap between the two populations in the previous study.…”

“…We have published a synopsis on fourteen thirdtrimester markers in this Journal [33]. More recently, we have enlarged the panel by the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble endoglin (sEng), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in the same matched serum samples.…”