Pre-event discussion and recall of a novel event: How are children best prepared?

McGuigan, Fiona; Salmon, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.03.006

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…32 When using written or verbally presented material, there are some data to suggest that memory will be improved if photographs or other illustrations are used. 33 It should be noted that the format of the preparation should include an interactive dialogue between the provider and the patient (ie, the child should not be viewed as a passive recipient of information). Children should be encouraged to ask questions and engage in the process so that their fears might be allayed.…”

Section: Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

2008

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Pediatric venous access causes unnecessary anxiety and pain in children and, in turn, can have detrimental consequences. Behavioral approaches to pediatric venous access distress management can be organized temporally. Specifically, preparation before the procedure includes providing children with sensory and procedural information in an age-appropriate manner and providing training in coping skills. It is important to consider the timing, format, and content of the approach to provide optimal preparation for the unique circumstances of the individual patient. In addition to the child patient, preparing parents and teaching them which specific behaviors might be most helpful to their child should prove valuable to both patient and parents. During the procedure, there are benefits to providing secure and comfortable positioning. In addition, researchers recommend that adults encourage children to cope and actively engage children in distracting activities. For infants, there is support for the distress-mitigation properties of swaddling, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and sucrose. After venous access, distraction and encouragement of coping should speed recovery. In sum, research in behavioral approaches to pediatric pain management has provided recommendations for minimizing children's anxiety and pain associated with venous access. Pediatrics 2008;122:S134-S139 P EDIATRIC PAIN FROM medical procedures results in short-term suffering, but there are recent data to indicate that there are also long-term detrimental effects. Specifically, early painful insults might have lasting negative effects on neuronal development, pain threshold and sensitivity, coping strategies, emotionality, and pain perceptions. 1,2 As an example, Bijttebier and Vertommen 3 showed that children with a history of negative medical experiences showed high anxiety before venipuncture and were distressed and uncooperative during the procedure. Childhood medical pain has also been linked to later adulthood fear, pain, and avoidance of medical care. 4 In addition, high pain at medical visits predicts missed future medical appointments and poor health care follow-up. [5][6][7] Fortunately, there is a rich body of data supporting behavioral strategies that mitigate the anxiety and pain associated with pediatric medical procedures generally, 8 and children's needle-related pain in particular. 9 Nonpharmacologic or behavioral approaches to acute pediatric pain are rooted in the gate-control theory. 10,11 The theory suggests that descending nerve impulses from the brain, such as thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and attention, can influence the ascending pain signal from the tissue damage. For example, anxiety might heighten pain experience, whereas attention focused on a pleasant activity might decrease pain. Thus, behavioral interventions typically involve teaching coping, inducing relaxation, or providing distraction. Although literature documenting the efficacy of behavioral interventions for children's acute medical pain exists, the data...

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Section: Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

2008

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“…SNPs in ABCG5/G8 and NPC1L1 were determined using PCRbased TaqMan allele discrimination assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The primers used for PCR have been described previously [6,[21][22][23]. A 7500 Real Time PCR thermal-cycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was used for PCR analysis.…”

Section: Analyses Of Sterol Absorption and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in ABC G5/G8 and NPC1L1 Impact Cholesterol Response to Plant Sterols in Hypercholesterolemic Men

Zhao

Houweling

Vanstone

et al. 2008

Lipids

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ATP-binding cassette hetero-dimeric transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5/G8) have been postulated to mediate intestinal cholesterol efflux, whereas Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein is believed to be essential for intestinal cholesterol influx. The individual or combined genetic markers, such as single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs), of these two transporter genes may explain inter-individual variations in plasma cholesterol response following plant sterol (PS) intervention. The present study was aimed at investigating the association between ABCG5/G8 and NPC1L1 genotype SNPs with sterol absorption and corresponding plasma concentrations. The study used a 4-week crossover design with 82 hypercholesterolemic men characterized by high vs. low basal plasma PS concentrations consuming spreads with or without 2 g/day of PS. For the ABCG8 1289 C > A (T400 K) polymorphism, the A allele carriers with high basal plasma PS concentrations demonstrated a 3.9-fold greater reduction (p < 0.05) in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than their low basal plasma PS counterparts. For the NPC1L1 haplotype of 872 C > G (L272L) and 3929 G > A (Y1291Y), individuals carrying mutant alleles showed a 2.4-fold greater (p < 0.05) reduction in LDL-C levels, compared to wild type counterparts. Results suggest that genetic and metabolic biomarkers together may predict inter-individual lipid level responsiveness to PS-intervention, and thus could be useful in devising individualized cholesterol lowering strategies.

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“…Consistent with this, McGuigan and Salmon (2005) found that 5-and 6-year-olds' recall of an event (a visit to the pretend zoo) was improved when verbal pre-event information was supplemented with photographs relating to the upcoming event as compared with empty uninformative talk. Presumably, the photographs helped to form a richer representation of the event in advance of experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…It is important, therefore, that research identifies the factors that might optimize the effectiveness of preparatory strategies for young children. Second, because the children in our previous research investigating the influence of preparation on children's recall were within the same age range, comparisons between our past and current findings are possible (McGuigan & Salmon, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Following our previous research (e.g., McGuigan & Salmon, 2005), for the photograph recognition task, 1 correct point was awarded for the selection of a photographed prop that had been present in the event and 1 error score was assigned for the selection of a distracter prop. Recognition scores consisted of two components: the number of photographed props correctly recognized out of 20 event props and the number of photographed distracter props selected out of the 8 distracter photographs.…”

Section: Nonverbal Recallmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does providing props during preparation help children to remember a novel event?

Salmon¹,

Yao²,

Berntsen³

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Pre-event discussion and recall of a novel event: How are children best prepared?

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

Genetic Variation in ABC G5/G8 and NPC1L1 Impact Cholesterol Response to Plant Sterols in Hypercholesterolemic Men

Does providing props during preparation help children to remember a novel event?

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