Pre-exercise carbohydrate and fat ingestion: effects on metabolism and performance

Hargreaves, Mark; Hawley, John A.; Jeukendrup, Asker E.

doi:10.1080/0264041031000140536

Cited by 139 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Une dépense énergétique accrue due à une activité physique brève ne s'accompagne pas forcément d'une augmentation de l'apport énergétique chez l'individu de corpulence mince et chez l'individu obèse, ce qui se traduit par une diminution de la masse corporelle [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Une étude a montré que la mobilisation des carburants stockés dans le sang joue un rôle dans l'inhibition de la prise alimentaire [4].…”

Section: Effets De L'exercice Sur La Prise Alimentaireunclassified

“…Il s'avère qu'un repas riche en glucides avant un exercice fait augmenter le glycogène musculaire, baisser la mobilisation des acides gras et augmenter la performance sportive [16,17]. L'amélioration des performances suite à l'ingestion de glucides résulte du maintien du taux de glucose sanguin à la fin de l'exercice.…”

Section: Utilisation Des Substrats éNergétique Lors D'un Exerciceunclassified

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Régulation de la balance énergetique : ajustement de l’apport alimentaire à la dépense énergétique

Melzer¹,

Genton

Pichard

2013

Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme

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Reçu le 7 août 2012 ; reçu sous la forme révisée le 1 er juillet 2013 ; accepté le 2 juillet 2013Disponible sur Internet le 7 août 2013 RésumeCette revue fait la synthèse de différentes études ayant analysé l'effet de l'activité physique, d'une part sur la composition corporelle, d'autre part sur l'apport énergétique ad libitum, et ainsi éclaire la corrélation entre activité physique et bilan énergétique. Une baisse du degré d'activité physique n'entraîne pas une réduction compensatoire de l'apport énergétique, ce qui se traduit par un bilan énergétique positif et la formation de réserves de graisse. À l'inverse, une activité physique intense régulière provoque une augmentation de l'apport énergétique chez les sujets très entraînés et les individus de corpulence mince. Les sujets obèses non entraînés ne modifient généralement pas leur apport énergétique lorsqu'ils sont soumis à un entraînement. Une activité physique intense régulière est une stratégie efficace pour réduire l'obésité. Nous proposons de discuter, ci-après, les recommandations en matière d'activité physique pour une perte de poids significative au plan clinique © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.Mots clés : Exercice ; Dépense énergétique ; Apport alimentaire ; Poids corporel AbstractStudies investigating the effect of exercise on body composition, as well as studies investigating the effect of exercise on ad libitum energy intake, provide insight into the association between exercise and energy balance. Reduced levels of physical activity does not exhibit a compensatory reduction of energy intake, and lead to a positive energy balance, most of which is stored as body fat. By contrast, high intensity exercise performed on regular basis increases energy intake in highly trained subjects and lean individuals. Obese untrained persons commonly do not change energy intake when exposed to exercise training. It can be concluded that regular high level of physical activity increases food intake secondary to excess body fat storage utilization, and thus serves as an effective strategy for obesity reduction. The physical activity recommendations for clinically significant weight loss are discussed herein.

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Section: Effets De L'exercice Sur La Prise Alimentaireunclassified

Section: Utilisation Des Substrats éNergétique Lors D'un Exerciceunclassified

Régulation de la balance énergetique : ajustement de l’apport alimentaire à la dépense énergétique

Melzer¹,

Genton

Pichard

2013

Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme

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“…Several studies report that adherence to a carbohydraterestricted diet can improve athletes' performance, because it can lead to greater fat oxidation and glycogen-sparing effects during exercises [3,4,5]. However other studies indicated consuming high carbohydrate (CHO) diet before exercise enhances subsequent endurance exercise performance [6] and reduces rating of perceived exertion (RPE), especially in high intensive exercises [2,7]. The concept of the glycemic index (GI) is to classify foods based on their actual postprandial blood glucose or white bread [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Preexercise Meals Intake Effect with Different Glycemic Load on Exercise Performance in Female Athletes

Ghiasvand¹,

Sharifhosein²,

Esmailzadeh³

et al. 2015

JFNR

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Athletes usually search for strategies to optimize their performance. Manipulation of carbohydrate (CHO) resources glycemic load in order to optimizing athletic performance provides new research areas in nutritional sport. Purpose of this study is to examine the effects of two isocaloric meals with different glycemic load (GL) on exercise performance and serum free fatty acids. Thirty six non-professional athletic women with ages between 19 and 24 were assigned in a double blinded randomized clinical trial with two period cross-over design. Participants in each group received a high or low GL meal as a breakfast, and 7-day wash out period is determined. serum free fatty acid (FFA) measurements were performed before and after each phase of intervention.3 hour After ingestion of a meal, participants run to exhaustion, in a 20 meters shuttle run pacer. Time to exhaustion (TTE) was recorded as a measure of exercise performance. In an attempt to ensure that subjects run to exhaustion, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured, using a Borg scale, too. The ingestion of a low GL or high GL pre-exercise meal did not lead to different TEE and RPE at 3 hours before exercise in female athletic students. Mean changes of serum FFA were higher in low GL than high GL meal. Consumption of a low GL meal compared with a high GL meal at 3-hr before a shuttle run pacer, was not associated with significant changes in TEE and RPE levels but low GL meal led to more increase serum FFA than high GL.

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“…These transient metabolic disturbances, at the start of exercise, as well as mechanisms that increase glycogen utilisation (6,17), may explain why pre-exercise glucose does not always provide an additional benefit in comparison to placebo. Regardless, there now appears to be less concern about the efficacy and use of simple sugars in the hour prior to exercise (18,22,26) despite early reservations regarding rebound hypoglycaemia (6,15). If rebound hypoglycaemia is relevant to endurance performance the use of other forms of CHO, such as galactose, with a low glycaemic index (GI: ~20), which has no primary insulin drive (37), may overcome the issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Galactose and Glucose Ingestion on High-Intensity Endurance Cycling

O’Hara¹,

Carroll²,

Cooke³

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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This study evaluated the effects of the pre-exercise (30 minutes) ingestion of galactose (Gal) or glucose (Glu) on endurance capacity as well as glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. Ten trained male cyclists completed three randomised high-intensity cycling endurance tests. Thirty minutes prior to each trial cyclists ingested 1 litre of either 40g of glucose, 40g of galactose, or a placebo in a double blind manner. The protocol comprised: 20 minutes of progressive incremental exercise (70% to 85% maximal power output (W max )); ten 90 second bouts at 90% W max , separated by 180 seconds at 55% W max ; 90% W max until exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn throughout the protocol. Times to exhaustion were longer with Gal (68.7±10.2 minutes, P=0.005) compared to Glu (58.5±24.9 minutes), with neither being different to placebo (63.9±16.2 minutes). Twenty-eight minutes following Glu consumption, plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were higher than with Gal and placebo (P<0.001). Following the initial 20 minutes of exercise, plasma glucose concentrations increased to a relative hyperglycaemia during the Gal and placebo, compared to Glu condition. Higher plasma glucose concentrations during exercise, and the attenuated serum insulin response at rest, may explain the significantly longer times to exhaustion produced by Gal compared to Glu. However, neither carbohydrate treatment produced significantly longer times to exhaustion than placebo, suggesting that the pre-exercise ingestion of galactose and glucose alone is not sufficient to support this type of endurance performance.

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Pre-exercise carbohydrate and fat ingestion: effects on metabolism and performance

Cited by 139 publications

References 87 publications

Régulation de la balance énergetique : ajustement de l’apport alimentaire à la dépense énergétique

Régulation de la balance énergetique : ajustement de l’apport alimentaire à la dépense énergétique

Comparison between Preexercise Meals Intake Effect with Different Glycemic Load on Exercise Performance in Female Athletes

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Galactose and Glucose Ingestion on High-Intensity Endurance Cycling

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