Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity influences potency, breadth, and durability of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Mantus, Grace; Nyhoff, Lindsay E.; Edara, Venkata-Viswanadh; Zarnitsyna, Veronika I.; Ciric, Caroline; Flowers, Maria W.; Norwood, Carson; Ellis, Madison; Hussaini, Laila; Manning, Kelly; Stephens, Kathy; Anderson, Evan J.; Ahmed, Rafi; Suthar, Mehul S.; Wrammert, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100603

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Administration of one vaccine dose in recovered individuals generated stronger immune response than two vaccine doses. Our results confirm previous findings that vaccinated individuals with prior infection is associated with higher titration of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies than vaccinated naïve individuals (18)(19)(20). Whether these persons require a second vaccine dose is uncertain because the protective antibody level is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Immunity post-COVID-19 recovery boosts the antibody immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Ebrahim¹,

Tabal²,

Lamami³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Natural and vaccine-induced immunity play an important role in controlling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Understanding humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for evaluating vaccine performance and inform public health decisions. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the level of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their persistence post infection or post-vaccination. Methods: A serological analysis (Immunoassay) to investigate the level of anti-spike IgG antibody responses following infection with SARS-CoV-2 or immunization with the first or second dose of the AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Sinovac and Sinopharm vaccines was performed. Results: A total of 9460 seropositive individuals were recruited. The mean levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were higher in vaccinated participants with prior COVID-19 infections than in individuals without prior infection. Decline for IgG antibodies were faster in vaccinated individuals without previous COVID-19 infection compared to those with previous COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: A single dose of the vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. In addition, previous COVID-19 infection elicited robust and sustained levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Immunity post-COVID-19 recovery boosts the antibody immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Ebrahim¹,

Tabal²,

Lamami³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, for now, hybrid immunity, elicited by the combination of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by vaccination, seems to confer the greatest protection against symptomatic and severe SARS-CoV-2 infections [ 24 ]. Differences in the magnitude, persistence, and extent of humoral immune responses were observed in patients vaccinated after a prior infection compared to naive vaccine recipients [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Humoral Immune Response Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers: A One Year Longitudinal Study

et al. 2022

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The continuous variability of SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid waning of specific antibodies threatens the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed to evaluate antibody kinetics one year after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with an mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers (HCW), with or without a booster. A marked decline in anti-Spike(S)/Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antibody levels was registered during the first eight months post-vaccination, followed by a transitory increase after the booster. At three months post-booster an increased antibody level was maintained only in HCW vaccinated after a prior infection, who also developed a higher and long-lasting level of anti-S IgA antibodies. Still, IgG anti-nucleocapsid (NCP) fades five months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the decline in antibodies one-year post-vaccination, 68.2% of HCW preserved the neutralization capacity against the ancestral variant, with a decrease of only 17.08% in the neutralizing capacity against the Omicron variant. Nevertheless, breakthrough infections were present in 6.65% of all participants, without any correlation with the previous level of anti-S/RBD IgG. Protection against the ancestral and Omicron variants is maintained at least three months after a booster in HCW, possibly reflecting a continuous antigenic stimulation in the professional setting.

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“…Given that third vaccine doses substantially boost humoral responses in individuals of all ages ( 30 – 33 ), the relative risk of Omicron breakthrough infection is likely to be even higher among individuals who have received fewer than three doses ( 18 , 34 ). Relative risk is also likely to increase with time following vaccination due to natural declines in antibody responses ( 26 , 35 – 38 ), which, combined with natural Spike antigenic drift, may lead to ongoing risk of periodic re-infection ( 39 ). Additional studies are needed to assess these factors, as well as to investigate the impact of Omicron (re)infections following three-dose vaccination in larger numbers of individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination

et al. 2022

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections are common among individuals who are vaccinated or have recovered from prior variant infection, but few reports have immunologically assessed serial Omicron infections. We characterized SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses in an individual who acquired laboratory-confirmed Omicron BA.1.15 ten weeks after a third dose of BNT162b2, and BA.2 thirteen weeks later. Responses were compared to 124 COVID-19-naive vaccinees. One month post-second and -third vaccine doses, the participant’s wild-type and BA.1-specific IgG, ACE2-displacement and virus neutralization activities were average for a COVID-19-naive triple-vaccinated individual. BA.1 infection boosted the participant’s responses to the cohort ≥95th percentile, but even this strong “hybrid” immunity failed to protect against BA.2. Reinfection increased BA.1 and BA.2-specific responses only modestly. Though vaccines clearly protect against severe disease, results highlight the continued importance of maintaining additional protective measures to counteract the immune-evasive Omicron variant, particularly as vaccine-induced immune responses naturally decline over time.

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Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity influences potency, breadth, and durability of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Immunity post-COVID-19 recovery boosts the antibody immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Immunity post-COVID-19 recovery boosts the antibody immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Assessment of the Humoral Immune Response Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers: A One Year Longitudinal Study

Serial infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination

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