Pre-exponential factor and activation energy of electrical conductivity in polyester resin/carbon fibre composites

Conductive ATO‐acrylate nanocomposite hybrid coatings: Experimental results and modeling

“…In particular, they cannot explain a multiple transition behavior in a log σ − p plot, which was reported in the literature10–13, 20, 23, 33 and was also found in the course of this work. Furthermore, volume conductivity values of a conducting filler, σ c such as carbon black with σ c ≈ 10 2 S/cm,8 are typically not equal to the maximum volume conductivity values achieved in the composites using such fillers,5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17 although according to the models available, σ of a composite should be approximately equal σ c , once a percolation threshold is passed. Moreover, it cannot explain percolation thresholds below 17 vol %, whereas in practice these values are often found 1, 4, 6, 18…”

“…Although the EMA model is well known, it cannot fit a multiple transition behavior in a log σ − p plot and fails to explain the difference between the maximum σ reached after the percolation threshold when compared with the σ c 10–13, 20, 23, 33…”

“…Such composite materials typically consist of a conductive filler and an insulating, for example, polymeric matrix. Carbon black,5, 6–18 graphite,12, 15, 19, 20 various metals,12, 21–23 and conducting polymers1–4, 24, 25 have been already used as a filler material in different geometrical forms, such as particles, fibers and flakes 1–7, 25. A limited amount of literature is, however, available on the use of nonmetallic inorganic particles as a filler material in conducting composites.…”

Influence of clay nanofiller on electrical and rheological properties of conductive polymer composite

“…However, this important sensitivity of CPC toward its environment also means that a good control of final properties is impossible if the numerous influent factors involved during the formulation and processing are not identified. The main significant factor is the filler distribution within the matrix, which can result from processing conditions (temperature, shearing, viscosity, and orientation), formulation (filler content, molecular weight and crystallinity of the polymer [2,10], solubility parameters, particle/particle and particle/macromolecule interactions [3,4]) and spatial parameters (shape factor of the conducting particles [8,19], exclusion domains in which particles cannot go [3 -5,16]). Whatever the application, the percolation threshold, i.e., the volume fraction (/ c ) over which the CPC becomes conductive, is very sensitive to variations of any of the previously mentioned parameters.…”

Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites: a review

“…Vilčáková et al [69] studied the electrical behavior of polyester resins filled with different amounts of short CFs. Percolation of the composites filled with CFs set in at low particle concentrations of 1-2 wt%.…”