Pré-hipertensão, hipertensão arterial e fatores associados em pacientes odontológicos: estudo transversal na cidade de Santa Maria-RS, Brasil

Abstract

Pré-hipertensão, hipertensão arterial e fatores associados em pacientes odontológicos: estudo transversal na cidade de Santa Maria-RS, Brasil Descritores: Hipertensão; prevalência; odontólogos. AbstractIntroduction: Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in Brazil and in the world population. Objective: Assess the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension, associated factors and adherence to antihypertensive therapy in a sample of dental patients of a private dentistry school in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Material and method: The participants of this study were 250 patients of both genders, aged over 18 years. Demographic data, history of hypertension and other systemic diseases, information about the use of antihypertensive drugs and smoking were obtained, and anthropometric measurements were performed. Adherence to treatment was evaluated by Morisky-Green test. Three blood pressure measurements were made by a dentist, and the average of the last two measurements was used in this analysis. Result: The mean age of patients was 46.6 (±13.8) years. Thirty percent had prehypertension and 36% had hypertension. Of these hypertensive patients, 28.9% were unaware of their hypertensive condition. Hypertension was statistically associated with increasing age (p<0.001) and diabetes (p=0.009). Among patients on antihypertensive treatment, 58.1% were non-adherent, whilst 41.9% had no controlled blood pressure. Conclusion:In the present study we observed a high prevalence of prehypertension and undiagnosed hypertension, as well as high rate of uncontrolled disease. These results point to the importance of blood pressure measurements during dental visits.

Dental Approach to the Hypertensive Patient: Literature Review

“…Gingival hyperplasia is frequent in patients who use calcium channel blocking drugs. Xerostomia, altered taste, and increased sensitivity to the vasoconstrictor of anesthetics are common as a result of antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics, centrally acting adrenergic inhibitors, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (Costa et al,2013;Ferrazzo et al, 2014)) patients with arterial hypertension must undergo periodic evaluations with the dental surgeon so that their oral risk stratification is carried out and they are referred for appropriate treatment, and that the frequency of subsequent evaluations is determined by the dental surgeon.…”

“…It should be remembered that once the pain is a stressful feature for the body, the endogenous secretion of catecholamines (adrenaline/ epinephrine and noradrenaline/ norepinephrine ) by the adrenals increases up to 40 times compared to baseline levels with the individual at rest, and reaches much higher blood levels compared to those obtained after application of a tube of an anesthetic solution containing adrenaline 5,11,14,20 . The objective in the dental care of patients with AH is to reduce the endogenous release of catecholamines that raises blood pressure quickly or suddenly (Costa et al,2013).…”

Contribution of behavioral risk factors in the implementation of arterial hypertension in children

“…Это привело к распространению и омоложению АГ. Сильный и длительный стресс приводит к подавлению симпатико адренергической и эндокринной систем, постепенно и суще ственно усиливая влияние других факторов риска, формируя благоприятные предпосылки для развития AГ [5]. В нашем исследовании неблагоприятный семейный и социальный климат был выявлен у всех детей с АГ, как с избыточной массой тела и ожирением, так и у детей с нормальным весом без статистиче ски достоверных значений.…”

“…В результате долговременного стресса подавляется симпатико адренергиче ская и эндокринная системы, что постепенно формирует благоприятные условия для развития AГ. Напряжение адаптационных механизмов, связанных с нейрогуморальными изменениями и высокой частотой дисфункции вегетативной нервной системы, является одной из основных патогенетических составляющих повышения артериального давления [5].…”

Abandono ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo em idosos: conhecendo seus condicionantes

“…It is necessary, in a similar way to this problem, for the follow-up of control of a chronic disease, of an adaptation by its users, since the changes in the routine of life are quite important in the maintenance of the control of its disease, which makes the adjustment of their condition of the carrier of a disease with its limitations and the obligation imposed on its carriers, ways to overcome them emotionally. [19][20] In analyzing this fact, we can see that the side effects of the drugs are considered as a great ally in the abandonment of the treatment, since the undesirable effects caused by the drugs cause certain discomforts; however, the need for the use of the medication should suppress the adverse effects, thus serving to motivate the continuation of treatment.…”