“…The ecological characterization of blackfly breeding habitats has been intensified in Europe since the 1980s (Hansford & Ladle, 1979;Rivosecchi, 1986;Leclercq, 1987;Ignjatović-Ćupina et al, 2006) and in the north of Africa (Arigue et al, 2016;Belqat et al, 2018), but there is still a paucity of data concerning some European regions, such as the Mediterranean region. This is especially true in Spain, where populations of pest species including Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776), S. (Simulium) ornatum (Meigen, 1818), S. (S.) reptans (Linnaeus, 1758), S. (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758), S. (W.) lineatum (Meigen, 1804) and S. (W.) pseudequinum (Séguy, 1921), have recently increased their population sizes and geographical ranges and have thus become an emerging issue of public health and veterinary concern (López-Peña & Jiménez-Peydró, 2017;López-Peña et al, 2020), although the increase in their annoyance to humans may be explained by other factors such as increasing anthropophagic tendencies, changes in species compositions, decreased tolerance by people, increased knowledge resulting in more frequent reporting of the problem, etc.…”