Pre-irradiation grafting of acrylonitrile onto chitin for adsorption of arsenic in water

Removal of As(III) and As(V) from water by chitosan and chitosan derivatives: a review

“…It plays an important role in the performance. Because they have different density, porosity, specific surface area, and its surface charge in terms of the point of zero charge (Kwok et al 2009;Sacco and Masotti 2010;Hanh et al 2015;Gerentea et al 2010), thus it does deep effect on the sorption. Small particles can relatively cause the large specific surface area, and it will increase the sorption of the chitosan.…”

“…Others combine iron with chitosan in all kinds of forms, and the sorption is close to the pH under the certain condition (Fagundes et al 2008;Vu et al 2013;Gupta et al 2013;Cho et al 2012;Hanh et al 2015;Wang et al 2014a, b). For As(V), the best sorption is between 2 and 5, and the sorption will decrease due to the positive or negative charging on the surface of adsorbent and adsorbate at high pH.…”

“…In this part, chitosan is mainly modified by acrylonitrile (Hanh et al 2015), cerium (Sharma et al 2014), sodium silicate (Boyacı et al 2010), montmorillonite (An and Dultz 2008), pumice (Turan et al 2014), mixed material (Kartal and Imamura 2005;Sabarudin et al 2005;Shinde et al 2013;Lin et al 2008;Liu et al 2012;Dhoble et al 2011;Dhanapala and Subramanianb 2015), film forming (Jana et al 2011), and Cu(OH) 2 /CuO (Elwakeel and Guibal 2015) (Table 6). Acrylonitrile has the cyano groups (-CN), which can be converted into amidoxime groups (-C(NH 2 ) = N-OH) by treating with hydroxyl amine (NH 2 OH) to improve the sorption capacity (Hanh et al 2015).…”

“…Acrylonitrile has the cyano groups (-CN), which can be converted into amidoxime groups (-C(NH 2 ) = N-OH) by treating with hydroxyl amine (NH 2 OH) to improve the sorption capacity (Hanh et al 2015). Cerium loading on the chitosan composite nanofiber can increase the exposure for effective sorption; therefore, it will improve the sorption capacity and reduce the sorption time (Turan et al 2014).…”

“…Cerium loading on the chitosan composite nanofiber can increase the exposure for effective sorption; therefore, it will improve the sorption capacity and reduce the sorption time (Turan et al 2014). As can be noted, immobilization of chitosan onto a supporting surface improves the surface area of sorbent with the number of functional groups available for sorption corresponding increasing (Hanh et al 2015;Boyacı et al 2010), and using sodium silicate as an immobilization matrix has the advantage to turn the immobilized amount of functional groups in a short synthesis time (Boyacı et al 2010). Pumice stone possesses a type of light, highly porous, and it can provide a large number of possible attachment sites for pollutants.…”