Pre-learning stress differentially affects long-term memory for emotional words, depending on temporal proximity to the learning experience

Zoladz, Phillip R.; Clark, Brianne; Warnecke, Ashlee; Smith, Lindsay; Tabar, Jennifer; Talbot, Jeffery N.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.016

Cited by 87 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Our findings were in accordance with Zoladz's study (39) where the induced stress led to the destruction of free recall of negative words immediately before learning. To explain these results, it was observed that emotional events can be remembered better than ordinary events (53).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To investigate stress-induced changes, heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after the test (39). SCPT is a reliable and effective international paradigm to induce high levels of social-evaluative threat in the laboratory settings.…”

Section: Social Cold Presser Test (Scpt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the related literature, emotional factors are among the factors affecting the variability of information processing (39), because many cognitive processes are affected by emotional states. A study has indicated that variability in emotional factors predicts change in response time to a task of working memory both in adults and adolescents (40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress Induction and Visual Working Memory Performance: The Effects of Emotional and Non-Emotional Stimuli

Khayyer¹,

Nejati²,

Fathabadi³

2017

Biotech Health Sci

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Social Cold Presser Test (Scpt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stress Induction and Visual Working Memory Performance: The Effects of Emotional and Non-Emotional Stimuli

Khayyer¹,

Nejati²,

Fathabadi³

2017

Biotech Health Sci

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show abstract

“…Validation of these results using alternative analytical methods (including the testing of an inverted U-shaped model fit) strengthens our conclusion that in our study no evidence was found for associations between the variables of interest. These null-findings fit into the evidence from previous work done in (nonclinical) fields of stress and memory, revealing that stress can enhance, impair or indeed have no effect on memory (Zoladz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…the valence) of the tobe-remembered information and the timing of the stressful experience might provide further explanations, as these factors have been proven to influence the direction and strength of the relationship between stress and memory (Schwabe et al, 2012;Zoladz et al, 2011). Evidence suggests this relationship is most pronounced for emotional information compared to neutral information .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are psychophysiological arousal and self-reported emotional stress during an oncological consultation related to memory of medical information? An experimental study

Visser

Tollenaar

Bosch

et al. 2017

Stress

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(2017) Are psychophysiological arousal and self-reported emotional stress during an oncological consultation related to memory of medical information? An experimental study, Stress, 20:1, 103-111, DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017 Patients forget 20-80% of information provided during medical consultations. The emotional stress often experienced by patients during consultations could be one of the mechanisms that lead to limited recall. The current experimental study therefore investigated the associations between (analog) patients' psychophysiological arousal, self-reported emotional stress and their (long term) memory of information provided by the physician. One hundred and eighty one cancer-naïve individuals acted as so-called analog patients (APs), i.e. they were instructed to watch a scripted video-recoding of an oncological bad news consultation while imagining themselves being in the patient's situation. Electrodermal and cardiovascular activity (e.g. skin conductance level and heart rate) were recorded during watching. Self-reported emotional stress was assessed before and after watching, using the STAI-State and seven Visual Analog Scales. Memory, both free recall and recognition, was assessed after 24-28 h. Watching the consultation evoked significant psychophysiological and self-reported stress responses. However, investigating the associations between 24 psychophysiological arousal measures, eight self-reported stress measures and free recall and recognition of information resulted in one significant, small (partial) correlation (r ¼ 0.19). Considering multiple testing, this significant result was probably due to chance. Alternative analytical methods yielded identical results, strengthening our conclusion that no evidence was found for relationships between variables of interest. These null-findings are highly relevant, as they may be considered to refute the long-standing, but yet untested assumption that a relationship between stress and memory exists within this context. Moreover, these findings suggest that lowering patients' stress levels during the consultation would probably not be sufficient to raise memory of information to an optimal level. Alternative explanations for these findings are discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY Lay summaryHigh levels of emotional stress experienced by patients during medical consultations might explain why they forget 20-80% of information provided by their physician. Although we were able to induce emotional stress in the participants of this experimental study, no evidence was found for a relationship between stress levels and memory of medical information. These results suggest that to improve patients' memory more is needed than lowering patients' stress levels only.

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Stress, fear, and memory in healthy individuals

Merz

Elzinga

Schwabe³

2016

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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Pre-learning stress differentially affects long-term memory for emotional words, depending on temporal proximity to the learning experience

Cited by 87 publications

References 66 publications

Stress Induction and Visual Working Memory Performance: The Effects of Emotional and Non-Emotional Stimuli

Stress Induction and Visual Working Memory Performance: The Effects of Emotional and Non-Emotional Stimuli

Are psychophysiological arousal and self-reported emotional stress during an oncological consultation related to memory of medical information? An experimental study

Stress, fear, and memory in healthy individuals

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