Pre-licensure nursing students' experiences of psychological safety: A qualitative descriptive study

Ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare: an integrative systematic review

“…An important aspect emphasised in the present study is the need to create a psychosocial climate that allows healthcare professionals and students to feel safe. Previous knowledge reveals that feeling psychologically safe is important for engagement in educational activities, regardless of the context in which they are implemented [ 76 ]. Hence, it is important that educators use an approach that clarifies what psychological security in feedback conversations can look like [ 77 ].…”

“…Hence, it is important that educators use an approach that clarifies what psychological security in feedback conversations can look like [ 77 ]. To promote effective learning conditions in which healthcare professionals and students feel safe, educators need to encourage an open dialogue aimed at enhancing the implementation of the intended learning activity [ 76 , 77 ].…”

Key tips to providing a psychologically safe learning environment in the clinical setting

“…Current literature reports that when students feel psychologically unsafe, they tend to refrain from doing or saying something that might suggest incompetence [15]. An unsafe psychological environment can also raise anxiety and lead to avoidance and disengagement of students' clinical education and patient care [16; 17].…”

“…An unsafe psychological environment can also raise anxiety and lead to avoidance and disengagement of students' clinical education and patient care [16; 17]. Students can nd it challenging to think clearly, retain information or perform clinical skills they previously felt competent in [15]. Psychological safety also plays a vital role in students speaking up for patient safety or questioning nurses when they observe inconsistencies between what is taught at university and what is performed in practice [18].…”

“…Setting clear expectations and learning objectives is also a valued action to create a psychologically safe learning environment for students [15]. When clear learning objectives are set collaboratively, it is shown to positively in uence the students learning experience [29].…”